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The real power of artificial intelligence appears in reinforcement learning, which is computationally and physically more sophisticated due to its dynamic nature. Rotation and injection are some of the proven ways in active flow control for…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-01-02 Kamyar Dobakhti , Jafar Ghazanfarian

This study presents novel drag reduction active-flow-control (AFC) strategies} for a three-dimensional cylinder immersed in a flow at a Reynolds number based on freestream velocity and cylinder diameter of $Re_D=3900$. The cylinder in this…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-02-20 P. Suárez , F. Álcantara-Ávila , A. Miró , J. Rabault , B. Font , O. Lehmkuhl , R. Vinuesa

This study investigates active flow control in two-dimensional flows at a Reynolds number of 100 using Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL). We utilize DRL to develop flow control strategies that enhance energy efficiency and minimize energy…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-07-22 Wang Jia , Hang Xu

This paper presents a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) framework for active flow control (AFC) to reduce drag in aerodynamic bodies. Tested on a 3D cylinder at Re = 100, the DRL approach achieved a 9.32% drag reduction and a 78.4% decrease…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Ricard Montalà , Bernat Font , Pol Suárez , Jean Rabault , Oriol Lehmkuhl , Ivette Rodriguez

Designing active-flow-control (AFC) strategies for three-dimensional (3D) bluff bodies is a challenging task with critical industrial implications. In this study we explore the potential of discovering novel control strategies for drag…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-03-04 P. Suárez , F. Alcántara-Ávila , J. Rabault , A. Miró , B. Font , O. Lehmkuhl , R. Vinuesa

We conduct an active flow control (AFC) study on the mass flow rate of synthetic jets on the upper and lower surfaces of a square cylinder using a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithm, with a focus on investigating the influence of…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-10-01 Wang Jia , Hang Xu

We investigate drag reduction mechanisms in flows past two- and three-dimensional cylinders controlled by surface actuators using deep reinforcement learning. We investigate 2D and 3D flows at Reynolds numbers up to 8,000 and 4,000,…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-09-06 Michail Chatzimanolakis , Pascal Weber , Petros Koumoutsakos

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithms are rapidly making inroads into fluid mechanics, following the remarkable achievements of these techniques in a wide range of science and engineering applications. In this paper, a deep…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2020-12-21 M. A. Elhawary

This study employs Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) for active flow control in a turbulent flow field of high Reynolds numbers at $Re=274000$. That is, an agent is trained to obtain a control strategy that can reduce the drag of a cylinder…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-12-23 Jingbo Chen , Enrico Ballini , Stefano Micheletti

We demonstrate experimentally the feasibility of applying reinforcement learning (RL) in flow control problems by automatically discovering active control strategies without any prior knowledge of the flow physics. We consider the turbulent…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2020-03-10 Dixia Fan , Liu Yang , Michael S Triantafyllou , George Em Karniadakis

This paper focuses on the active flow control of a computational fluid dynamics simulation over a range of Reynolds numbers using deep reinforcement learning (DRL). More precisely, the proximal policy optimization (PPO) method is used to…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2020-06-24 Hongwei Tang , Jean Rabault , Alexander Kuhnle , Yan Wang , Tongguang Wang

This paper focuses on developing a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) control strategy to mitigate aerodynamic forces acting on a three dimensional (3D) square cylinder under high Reynolds number flow conditions. Four jets situated at the…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-01-24 Lei Yan , Gang Hu , Wenli Chen , Bernd R. Noack

The present study applies a Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) algorithm to Active Flow Control (AFC) of a two-dimensional flow around a confined square cylinder. Specifically, the Soft Actor-Critic (SAC) algorithm is employed to modulate…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-09-27 Wang Jia , Hang Xu

Machine learning has recently become a promising technique in fluid mechanics, especially for active flow control (AFC) applications. A recent work [J. Fluid Mech. (2019), vol. 865, pp. 281-302] has demonstrated the feasibility and…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2021-03-22 Feng Ren , Jean Rabault , Hui Tang

Flow generated noise are caused shear flows and, hence, they can be used as feedback to control the flow. Existing flow control uses state variables like velocity, pressure, or vorticity, none use acoustic observables as the primary control…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-05-12 Siddharth Rout , Khai Phan , Chao-An Lin

The present study proposes an active flow control (AFC) approach based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to optimize the performance of multiple plasma actuators on a square cylinder. The investigation aims to modify the control inputs…

This study explores the use of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) for active flow control (AFC) to reduce flow separation on wings at high angles of attack. Concretely, here the DRL agent controls the flow over the three-dimensional NACA0012…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-09-15 R. Montalà , B. Font , P. Suárez , J. Rabault , O. Lehmkuhl , R. Vinuesa , I. Rodriguez

We study the adaptability of deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-based active flow control (AFC) technology for bluff body flows with complex geometries. It is extended from a cylinder with an aspect ratio $Ar = 1$ to a flat elliptical…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-09-27 Wang Jia , Hang Xu

Deep artificial neural networks (ANNs) used together with deep reinforcement learning (DRL) are receiving growing attention due to their capabilities to control complex problems. This technique has been recently used to solve problems…

We present a deep reinforcement learning approach to a classical problem in fluid dynamics, i.e., the reduction of the drag of a bluff body. We cast the problem as a discrete-time control with continuous action space: at each time step, an…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-05-08 Enrico Ballini , Alberto Silvio Chiappa , Stefano Micheletti
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