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Quantum key distribution (QKD) offers a theoretically secure method to share secret keys, yet practical implementations face challenges due to noise and loss over long-distance channels. Traditional QKD protocols require extensive noise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-01 Hannah Seabrook , Emilien Lavie , Teodor Strömberg , Matthew P. Stafford , Giulia Rubino

In the diffraction-limited near-field propagation regime, free-space optical quantum key distribution (QKD) systems can employ multiple spatial modes to improve their key rate. Here, we analyze QKD using the non-orthogonal flat-top focused…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-07 Wenhua He , Saikat Guha , Jeffrey H. Shapiro , Boulat A. Bash

The relatively low key rate seems to be the major barrier to its practical use for the decoy state measurement device independent quantum key distribution (MDIQKD). We present a 4-intensity protocol for the decoy-state MDIQKD that hugely…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-04-27 Y-H Zhou , Z. -W. Yu , X. -B. Wang

Quantum key distribution(QKD) is one of the most significant areas in quantum information theory. For nearly four decades, substantial QKD schemes are developed. In early years, the security of QKD protocols is depend on switching different…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-12 Hao Shu

The fabrication of quantum key distribution (QKD) systems typically involves several parties, thus providing Eve with multiple opportunities to meddle with the devices. As a consequence, conventional hardware and/or software hacking attacks…

Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDIQKD) is a revolutionary protocol since it is physically immune to all attacks on the detection side. However, the protocol still keeps the strict assumptions on the source side…

We present a detailed security analysis of a d-dimensional quantum key distribution protocol based on two and three mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) both in an asymptotic and finite key length scenario. The finite secret key rates are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-07-21 Kamil Bradler , Mohammad Mirhosseini , Robert Fickler , Anne Broadbent , Robert Boyd

We present a simple method to obtain an upper bound on the achievable secret key rate in quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols that use only unidirectional classical communication during the public-discussion phase. This method is based…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Tobias Moroder , Marcos Curty , Norbert Lütkenhaus

Terrestrial free-space quantum key distribution is ideally suited for deployment in dense urban environments. The transition from laboratory to commercial deployment, however, raises a number of important engineering and deployment issues.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-24 Thomas Brougham , Daniel K. L. Oi

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a pioneering quantum technology on the brink of widespread deployment. Nevertheless, the distribution of secret keys beyond a few 100 kilometers at practical rates remains a major challenge. One approach to…

Secret key agreement from correlated physical layer observations is a cornerstone of information-theoretic security. This paper proposes and rigorously analyzes a complete, constructive protocol for secret key agreement from Gaussian…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Emmanouil M. Athanasakos , Hariprasad Manjunath

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) using passive state preparation (PSP) offers low-cost, high-rate secure communication. However, the existing PSP-CVQKD scheme with a transmitted local oscillator has high photon leakage…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-08 H. W. Yin , X. J. Liao , Y. H. Xu , P. Huang , K. T. Zhu , T. Wang , G. H. Zeng

Device-independent (DI) quantum secret sharing (QSS) can relax the security assumptions about the devices' internal workings and provide QSS the highest level of security in theory. The original DI QSS protocol proved its correctness and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-11 Qi Zhang , Wei Zhong , Ming-Ming Du , Shu-Ting Shen , Xi-Yun Li , An-Lei Zhang , Lan Zhou , Yu-Bo Sheng

In this paper, we propose a quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol based on only a two-dimensional Hilbert space encoding a quantum system and independent devices between the equipment for state preparation and measurement. Our protocol is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-18 Hong-Wei Li , Zhen-Qiang Yin , Wei Chen , Shuang Wang , Guang-Can Guo , Zheng-Fu Han

Quantum key distribution (QKD) gradually has become a crucial element of practical secure communication. In different scenarios, the security analysis of genuine QKD systems is complicated. A universal secret key rate calculation method,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-13 Zehong Chang , Fumin Wang , Xiaoli Wang , Xiaofei Liu , Rongqian Wu , Yi lv , Pei Zhang

Secret-key agreement protocols over wiretap channels controlled by a state parameter are studied. The entire state sequence is known (non-causally) to the sender but not to the receiver and the eavesdropper. Upper and lower bounds on the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2010-07-01 Ashish Khisti

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a pivotal technology in the quest for secure communication, harnessing the power of quantum mechanics to ensure robust data protection. However, scaling QKD to meet the demands of high-speed, real-world…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-13 Hasan Abbas Al-Mohammed , Saif Al-Kuwari , Hashir Kuniyil , Ahmed Farouk

Parameter estimation is a critical step in continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD), especially in the finite-size regime where worst-case confidence intervals can significantly reduce the achievable secret-key rate. We provide…

A working free-space quantum key distribution (QKD) system has been developed and tested over an outdoor optical path of ~1 km at Los Alamos National Laboratory under nighttime conditions. Results show that QKD can provide secure real-time…

Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) can eliminate all detector side channels and it is practical with current technology. Previous implementations of MDI-QKD all use two symmetric channels with similar losses.…

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