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Line Current Differential Relays (LCDRs) are high-speed relays progressively used to protect critical transmission lines. However, LCDRs are vulnerable to cyberattacks. Fault-Masking Attacks (FMAs) are stealthy cyberattacks performed by…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-09 Ahmad Mohammad Saber , Amr Youssef , Davor Svetinovic , Hatem Zeineldin , Ehab F. El-Saadany

Firmware refers to device read-only resident code which includes microcode and macro-instruction -level routines. For Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices without an operating system, firmware includes all the necessary instructions on how such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Solon Falas , Charalambos Konstantinou , Maria K. Michael

Collaborative inference (CI) improves computational efficiency for edge devices by transmitting intermediate features to cloud models. However, this process inevitably exposes feature representations to model inversion attacks (MIAs),…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Rongke Liu , Youwen Zhu , Dong Wang , Gaoning Pan , Xingyu He , Weizhi Meng

Guaranteeing runtime integrity of embedded system software is an open problem. Trade-offs between security and other priorities (e.g., cost or performance) are inherent, and resolving them is both challenging and important. The…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-05 Ivan De Oliveira Nunes , Sashidhar Jakkamsetti , Youngil Kim , Gene Tsudik

Memory corruption attacks (MCAs) refer to malicious behaviors of system intruders that modify the contents of a memory location to disrupt the normal operation of computing systems, causing leakage of sensitive data or perturbations to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-15 Chengyan Ma , Ning Xi , Di Lu , Yebo Feng , Jianfeng Ma

The hybrid hiding encryption algorithm, as its name implies, embraces concepts from both steganography and cryptography. In this exertion, an improved micro-architecture Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) implementation of this algorithm…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2011-11-09 Hala A. Farouk , Magdy Saeb

Self-modifying code (SMC) allows programs to alter their own instructions, optimizing performance and functionality on x86 processors. Despite its benefits, SMC introduces unique microarchitectural behaviors that can be exploited for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Seonghun Son , Daniel Moghimi , Berk Gulmezoglu

This letter proposes a novel, fully distributed, transient-safe resilient secondary control strategies for AC microgrids, addressing unbounded false data injection (FDI) attacks on control input channels. Unlike existing methods that focus…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-08 Mohamadamin Rajabinezhad , Nesa Shams , Yichao Wang , Shan Zuo

False data injection attacks (FDIAs) pose a persistent challenge to AC power system state estimation. In current practice, detection relies primarily on topology-aware residual-based tests that assume malicious measurements can be…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Chenhan Xiao , Yang Weng

The identification of safe faults (i.e., faults which are guaranteed not to produce any failure) in an electronic system is a crucial step when analyzing its dependability and its test plan development. Unfortunately, safe fault…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-09-25 C. C. Gursoy , M. Jenihhin , A. S. Oyeniran , D. Piumatti , J. Raik , M. Sonza Reorda , R. Ubar

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are being widely adopted in critical infrastructures, such as smart grids, nuclear plants, water systems, transportation systems, manufacturing and healthcare services, among others. However, the increasing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Eyasu Getahun Chekole , Martin Ochoa , Sudipta Chattopadhyay

Modern microcontroller software is often written in C/C++ and suffers from control-flow hijacking vulnerabilities. Previous mitigations suffer from high performance and memory overheads and require either the presence of memory protection…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Isaac Richter , Jie Zhou , John Criswell

Malware presents a persistent threat to user privacy and data integrity. To combat this, machine learning-based (ML-based) malware detection (MD) systems have been developed. However, these systems have increasingly been attacked in recent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Ping He , Yuhao Mao , Changjiang Li , Lorenzo Cavallaro , Ting Wang , Shouling Ji

This paper presents an in-kernel, hardware-based control-flow integrity (CFI) protection, called PAL, that utilizes ARM's Pointer Authentication (PA). It provides three important benefits over commercial, state-of-the-art PA-based CFIs like…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-15 Sungbae Yoo , Jinbum Park , Seolheui Kim , Yeji Kim , Taesoo Kim

Memory corruption is an important class of vulnerability that can be leveraged to craft control flow hijacking attacks. Control Flow Integrity (CFI) provides protection against such attacks. Application of type-based CFI policies requires…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Ruturaj K. Vaidya , Prasad A. Kulkarni

Since Spectre and Meltdown's disclosure in 2018, a new category of attacks has been identified and characterized by the scientific community. The Foreshadow attack, which was the first one to target Intel's secure enclave technology (namely…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-06 Valentin Martinoli , Yannick Teglia , Abdellah Bouagoun , Régis Leveugle

Microcode is an abstraction layer used by modern x86 processors that interprets user-visible CISC instructions to hardware-internal RISC instructions. The capability to update x86 microcode enables a vendor to modify CPU behavior in-field,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-08 Benjamin Kollenda , Philipp Koppe , Marc Fyrbiak , Christian Kison , Christof Paar , Thorsten Holz

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are composed of various embedded subsystems and require specialized software, firmware, and hardware to coordinate with the rest of the system. These multiple levels of integration expose attack surfaces which…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-12-11 Smitha Gautham , Georgios Bakirtzis , Matthew T. Leccadito , Robert H. Klenke , Carl R. Elks

Mobile devices are in roles where the integrity and confidentiality of their apps and data are of paramount importance. They usually contain a System-on-Chip (SoC), which integrates microprocessors and peripheral Intellectual Property (IP)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-01-18 Michael LeMay , Carl A. Gunter

Security issues have gathered growing interest within the control systems community, as physical components and communication networks are increasingly vulnerable to cyber attacks. In this context, recent literature has studied increasingly…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-08-22 Xiaoyu Luo , Chongrong Fang , Jianping He , Chengcheng Zhao , Dario Paccagnan