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Kolmogorov's setting for probability theory is given an original generalization to account for probabilities arising from Quantum Mechanics. The sample space has a central role in this presentation and random variables, i.e., observables,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-05 Daniel Lehmann

In this article, the weakest possible theorem providing a foundation for the Hilbert space formalism of quantum theory is stated. The necessary postulates are formulated, and the mathematics is spelt out in detail. It is argued that, from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-05 Inge S. Helland

A typical quantum experiment has a bunch of apparatuses placed so that quantum systems can pass between them. We regard each use of an apparatus, along with some given outcome on the apparatus (a certain detector click or a certain meter…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-03 Lucien Hardy

It is proposed to define "quantumness" of a system (micro or macroscopic, physical, biological, social, political) by starting with understanding that quantum mechanics is a statistical theory. It says us only about probability…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-08 Andrei Khrennikov

We discuss that there is a crucial contradiction within quantum mechanics. We derive a proposition concerning a quantum expectation value under the assumption of the existence of the directions in a spin-1/2 system. The quantum predictions…

General Physics · Physics 2008-11-28 Koji Nagata , Tadao Nakamura

The quantum formalism is a ``measurement'' formalism--a phenomenological formalism describing certain macroscopic regularities. We argue that it can be regarded, and best be understood, as arising from Bohmian mechanics, which is what…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Detlef Dürr , Sheldon Goldstein , Nino Zanghí

Motivated by Quantum Bayesianism I give background for a general epistemic approach to quantum mechanics, where complementarity and symmetry are the only essential features. A general definition of a symmetric epistemic setting is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-08-06 Inge S. Helland

After more than a century since its birth, Quantum Theory still eludes our understanding. If asked to describe it, we have to resort to abstract and ad hoc principles about complex Hilbert spaces. How is it possible that a fundamental…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-10-09 G. Chiribella , G. M. D'Ariano , P. Perinotti

This work discusses simple examples how quantum systems are obtained as subsystems of classical statistical systems. For a single qubit with arbitrary Hamiltonian and for the quantum particle in a harmonic potential we provide explicitly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-14 C. Wetterich

We provide a systematic approach to quantum mechanics from an information-theoretic perspective using the language of tensor networks. Our formulation needs only a single kind of object, so-called positive *-tensors. Physical models…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-19 Andreas Bauer

Until recently, a quantum instrument was defined to be a completely positive operation-valued measure from the set of states on a Hilbert space to itself. In the last few years, this definition has been generalized to such measures between…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-08 Stanley Gudder

Two problems will be considered: the question of hidden parameters and the problem of Kolmogorovity of quantum probabilities. Both of them will be analyzed from the point of view of two distinct understandings of quantum mechanical…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-22 Laszlo E. Szabo

Quantum theory (QT) has been confirmed by numerous experiments, yet we still cannot fully grasp the meaning of the theory. As a consequence, the quantum world appears to us paradoxical. Here we shed new light on QT by being based on two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-21 Alessio Benavoli , Alessandro Facchini , Marco Zaffalon

Quantum mechanics, one of the most successful theories in the history of science, was created to account for physical systems not describable by classical physics. Though it is consistent with all experiments conducted thus far, many of its…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-02-17 Gary Oas , J. Acacio de Barros

A review is given of recent work aimed at constructing a quantum theory of cosmology in which all observables refer to information measurable by observers inside the universe. At the classical level the algebra of observables should be…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-31 Fotini Markopoulou

The stochastic theory of relativistic quantum mechanics presented here is modelled on the one that has been proposed previously and that was claimed to be a promising substitute to the orthodox theory in the non-relativistic domain. So it…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-09 Maurice Godart

Quantum theory (QT) has been confirmed by numerous experiments, yet we still cannot fully grasp the meaning of the theory. As a consequence, the quantum world appears to us paradoxical. Here we shed new light on QT by having it follow from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-12 Alessio Benavoli , Alessandro Facchini , Marco Zaffalon

Many insights into the quantum world can be found by studying it from amongst more general operational theories of physics. In this thesis, we develop an approach to the study of such theories purely in terms of the behaviour of their…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-04 Sean Tull

Quantum mechanics marks a radical departure from the classical understanding of Nature, fostering an inherent randomness which forbids a deterministic description; yet the most fundamental departure arises from something different. As shown…

After the development of a self-consistent quantum formalism nearly a century ago there began a quest for how to interpret the theoretical constructs of the formalism. In fact, the pursuit of new interpretations of quantum mechanics…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2018-01-22 Stephen Boughn