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The Compute Express Link (CXL) interconnect makes it feasible to integrate diverse types of memory into servers via its byte-addressable SerDes links. Considering the various access latency, harnessing the full potential of CXL-based…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Zhe Zhou , Yiqi Chen , Tao Zhang , Yang Wang , Ran Shu , Shuotao Xu , Peng Cheng , Lei Qu , Yongqiang Xiong , Jie Zhang , Guangyu Sun

Large language models (LLMs) training or inference across multiple nodes introduces significant pressure on GPU memory and interconnect bandwidth. The Compute Express Link (CXL) shared memory pool offers a scalable solution by enabling…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Dong Xu , Han Meng , Xinyu Chen , Dengcheng Zhu , Wei Tang , Fei Liu , Liguang Xie , Wu Xiang , Rui Shi , Yue Li , Henry Hu , Hui Zhang , Jianping Jiang , Dong Li

The growing demands in the training and inference of Large Language Models (LLMs) are accelerating the adoption of scale-up systems that extend server shared memory through the use of Compute Express Link (CXL)-based load/store…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Karan Pathak , David Atienza , Marina Zapater

In our exploration of Composable Memory systems utilizing CXL, we focus on overcoming adoption barriers at Hyperscale, underscored by economic models demonstrating Total Cost of Ownership (TCO). While CXL addresses the pressing memory…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Angelos Arelakis , Nilesh Shah , Yiannis Nikolakopoulos , Dimitrios Palyvos-Giannas

Compute eXpress Link (CXL) is a promising technology for memory disaggregation and expansion. Especially, CXL makes it more effectively for large-capacity storage devices such as Solid State Drive (SSD) to be deployed in the memory pool.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Yaohui Wang , Zicong Wang , Fanfeng Meng , Yanjing Wang , Yang Ou , Lizhou Wu , Wentao Hong , Xuran Ge , Jijun Cao

The emergence of CXL (Compute Express Link) promises to transform the status of interconnects between host and devices and in turn impact the design of all software layers. With its low overhead, low latency, and memory coherency…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-04-15 Raja Gond , Purushottam Kulkarni

Increasing workload demands and emerging technologies necessitate the use of various memory and storage tiers in computing systems. This paper presents results from a CXL-based Experimental Memory Request Logger that reveals precise memory…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Vinicius Petrucci , Felippe Zacarias , David Roberts

This paper explores how Compute Express Link (CXL) can transform PCIe-based block storage into a scalable, byte-addressable working memory. We address the challenges of adapting block storage to CXL's memory-centric model by emphasizing…

Modern workloads are demanding increasingly larger memory capacity. Compute Express Link (CXL)-based memory tiering has emerged as a promising solution for addressing this problem by utilizing traditional DRAM alongside slow-tier CXL memory…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Kevin Song , Jiacheng Yang , Zixuan Wang , Jishen Zhao , Sihang Liu , Gennady Pekhimenko

Memory disaggregation is an emerging technology that decouples memory from traditional memory buses, enabling independent scaling of compute and memory. Compute Express Link (CXL), an open-standard interconnect technology, facilitates…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Yujie Yang , Lingfeng Xiang , Peiran Du , Zhen Lin , Weishu Deng , Ren Wang , Andrey Kudryavtsev , Louis Ko , Hui Lu , Jia Rao

Memory resources in data centers generally suffer from low utilization and lack of dynamics. Memory disaggregation solves these problems by decoupling CPU and memory, which currently includes approaches based on RDMA or interconnection…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-02-23 Chenjiu Wang , Ke He , Ruiqi Fan , Xiaonan Wang , Yang Kong , Wei Wang , Qinfen Hao

Datacenter applications often rely on remote procedure calls (RPCs) for fast, efficient, and secure communication. However, RPCs are slow, inefficient, and hard to use as they require expensive serialization and compression to communicate…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Suyash Mahar , Ehsan Hajyjasini , Seungjin Lee , Zifeng Zhang , Mingyao Shen , Steven Swanson

The proliferation of data-intensive applications, ranging from large language models to key-value stores, increasingly stresses memory systems with mixed read-write access patterns. Traditional half-duplex architectures such as DDR5 are…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Yiwei Yang , Yusheng Zheng , Yiqi Chen , Zheng Liang , Kexin Chu , Zhe Zhou , Andi Quinn , Wei Zhang

CXL-based Computational Memory (CCM) enables near-memory processing within expanded remote memory, presenting opportunities to address data movement costs associated with disaggregated memory systems and to accelerate overall performance.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Suyeon Lee , Kangkyu Park , Kwangsik Shin , Ada Gavrilovska

The Compute Express Link (CXL) interconnect enables compute "pods" that pool memory across servers to reduce cost and improve efficiency. These pods also facilitate pairwise communication whose needs conflict with pooling. Importantly,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Yuhong Zhong , Fiodar Kazhamiaka , Pantea Zardoshti , Shuwei Teng , Rodrigo Fonseca , Mark D. Hill , Daniel S. Berger

Compute Express Link (CXL) serves as a rising industry standard, delivering high-speed cache-coherent links to a variety of devices, including host CPUs, computational accelerators, and memory devices. It is designed to promote system…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Yuda An , Shushu Yi , Bo Mao , Qiao Li , Mingzhe Zhang , Ke Zhou , Nong Xiao , Guangyu Sun , Xiaolin Wang , Yingwei Luo , Jie Zhang

Upcoming CXL-based disaggregated memory devices feature special purpose units to offload compute to near-memory. In this paper, we explore opportunities for offloading compute to general purpose cores on CXL memory devices, thereby enabling…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Jon Hermes , Josh Minor , Minjun Wu , Adarsh Patil , Eric Van Hensbergen

This paper presents ServerlessLLM, a distributed system designed to support low-latency serverless inference for Large Language Models (LLMs). By harnessing the substantial near-GPU storage and memory capacities of inference servers,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Yao Fu , Leyang Xue , Yeqi Huang , Andrei-Octavian Brabete , Dmitrii Ustiugov , Yuvraj Patel , Luo Mai

The expansion of context windows in large language models (LLMs) to multi-million tokens introduces severe memory and compute bottlenecks, particularly in managing the growing Key-Value (KV) cache. While Compute Express Link (CXL) enables…

Serverless computing is renowned for its computation elasticity, yet its full potential is often constrained by the requirement for functions to operate within local and dedicated background environments, resulting in limited memory…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Jialiang Huang , Teng Ma , Zheng Liu , Sixing Lin , Kang Chen , Jinlei Jiang , Xia Liao , Yingdi Shan , Yongwei Wu , Ning Zhang , Mengting Lu , Tao Ma , Haifeng Gong , Mingxing Zhang