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We address the problem of federated learning (FL) where users are distributed and partitioned into clusters. This setup captures settings where different groups of users have their own objectives (learning tasks) but by aggregating their…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-10 Avishek Ghosh , Jichan Chung , Dong Yin , Kannan Ramchandran

Personalized decision-making can be implemented in a Federated learning (FL) framework that can collaboratively train a decision model by extracting knowledge across intelligent clients, e.g. smartphones or enterprises. FL can mitigate the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Guodong Long , Ming Xie , Tao Shen , Tianyi Zhou , Xianzhi Wang , Jing Jiang , Chengqi Zhang

Clustered Federated Learning has emerged as an effective approach for handling heterogeneous data across clients by partitioning them into clusters with similar or identical data distributions. However, most existing methods, including the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jonas Kirch , Sebastian Becker , Tiago Koketsu Rodrigues , Stefan Harmeling

In this paper, we address the dichotomy between heterogeneous models and simultaneous training in Federated Learning (FL) via a clustering framework. We define a new clustering model for FL based on the (optimal) local models of the users:…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-10-24 Harshvardhan , Avishek Ghosh , Arya Mazumdar

Federated learning (FL) is an emerging distributed machine learning paradigm that enables collaborative training of machine learning models over decentralized devices without exposing their local data. One of the major challenges in FL is…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Md Sirajul Islam , Simin Javaherian , Fei Xu , Xu Yuan , Li Chen , Nian-Feng Tzeng

Federated Learning (FL) is a machine learning paradigm that safeguards privacy by retaining client data on edge devices. However, optimizing FL in practice can be challenging due to the diverse and heterogeneous nature of the learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Yongxin Guo , Xiaoying Tang , Tao Lin

Federated Learning (FL) is a setting where multiple parties with distributed data collaborate in training a joint Machine Learning (ML) model while keeping all data local at the parties. Federated clustering is an area of research within FL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-20 Morris Stallmann , Anna Wilbik

Federated Learning (FL) is currently the most widely adopted framework for collaborative training of (deep) machine learning models under privacy constraints. Albeit it's popularity, it has been observed that Federated Learning yields…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-07 Felix Sattler , Klaus-Robert Müller , Wojciech Samek

Federated Learning (FL) deals with learning a central model (i.e. the server) in privacy-constrained scenarios, where data are stored on multiple devices (i.e. the clients). The central model has no direct access to the data, but only to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-03 Debora Caldarola , Massimiliano Mancini , Fabio Galasso , Marco Ciccone , Emanuele Rodolà , Barbara Caputo

Federated learning (FL) enables training of a global model while keeping raw data on end-devices. Despite this, FL has shown to leak private user information and thus in practice, it is often coupled with methods such as differential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Jie Xu , Haaris Mehmood , Rogier Van Dalen , Karthikeyan Saravanan , Mete Ozay

Federated learning (FL) is a promising approach that enables distributed clients to collaboratively train a global model while preserving their data privacy. However, FL often suffers from data heterogeneity problems, which can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Ye Lin Tun , Minh N. H. Nguyen , Chu Myaet Thwal , Jinwoo Choi , Choong Seon Hong

Federated learning (FL) is an emerging distributed machine learning paradigm enabling collaborative model training on decentralized devices without exposing their local data. A key challenge in FL is the uneven data distribution across…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Md Sirajul Islam , Simin Javaherian , Fei Xu , Xu Yuan , Li Chen , Nian-Feng Tzeng

Clustered federated learning (FL) has been shown to produce promising results by grouping clients into clusters. This is especially effective in scenarios where separate groups of clients have significant differences in the distributions of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-22 Saeed Vahidian , Mahdi Morafah , Weijia Wang , Vyacheslav Kungurtsev , Chen Chen , Mubarak Shah , Bill Lin

Federated Learning (FL) trains deep models across edge devices without centralizing raw data, preserving user privacy. However, client heterogeneity slows down convergence and limits global model accuracy. Clustered FL (CFL) mitigates this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Minghao Li , Dmitrii Avdiukhin , Rana Shahout , Nikita Ivkin , Vladimir Braverman , Minlan Yu

Operators from various industries have been pushing the adoption of wireless sensing nodes for industrial monitoring, and such efforts have produced sizeable condition monitoring datasets that can be used to build diagnosis algorithms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-27 Hao Lu , Adam Thelen , Olga Fink , Chao Hu , Simon Laflamme

Federated Learning (FL) enables decentralized machine learning while preserving data privacy, making it ideal for sensitive applications where data cannot be shared. While FL has been widely studied in supervised contexts, its application…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Mirko Nardi , Lorenzo Valerio , Andrea Passarella

One of the main challenges of federated learning (FL) is handling non-independent and identically distributed (non-IID) client data, which may occur in practice due to unbalanced datasets and use of different data sources across clients.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Peng Wu , Tales Imbiriba , Pau Closas

Federated learning (FL) is an emerging machine learning paradigm involving multiple clients, e.g., mobile phone devices, with an incentive to collaborate in solving a machine learning problem coordinated by a central server. FL was proposed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-04 Samuel Horváth

Federated learning enables different parties to collaboratively build a global model under the orchestration of a server while keeping the training data on clients' devices. However, performance is affected when clients have heterogeneous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Fabiola Espinoza Castellon , Aurelien Mayoue , Jacques-Henri Sublemontier , Cedric Gouy-Pailler

Federated Learning (FL) is a novel distributed machine learning approach to leverage data from Internet of Things (IoT) devices while maintaining data privacy. However, the current FL algorithms face the challenges of non-independent and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Gang Hu , Yinglei Teng , Nan Wang , F. Richard Yu
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