English
Related papers

Related papers: Memory Efficient Optimizers with 4-bit States

200 papers

We introduce a new tokenizer for language models that minimizes the average tokens per character, thereby reducing the number of tokens needed to represent text during training and to generate text during inference. Our method, which we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Dong Dong , Weijie Su

Memory-augmented neural networks (MANNs) refer to a class of neural network models equipped with external memory (such as neural Turing machines and memory networks). These neural networks outperform conventional recurrent neural networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-13 Seongsik Park , Seijoon Kim , Seil Lee , Ho Bae , Sungroh Yoon

The unprecedented demand for computing resources to train DNN models has led to a search for minimal numerical encoding. Recent state-of-the-art (SOTA) proposals advocate for multi-level scaled narrow bitwidth numerical formats. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Simla Burcu Harma , Ayan Chakraborty , Nicholas Sperry , Babak Falsafi , Martin Jaggi , Yunho Oh

We study a variant of the quantum approximate optimization algorithm [ E. Farhi, J. Goldstone, and S. Gutmann, arXiv:1411.4028] with slightly different parametrization and different objective: rather than looking for a state which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-17 D. Wecker , M. B. Hastings , M. Troyer

The optimal bit-width for achieving the best trade-off between quantized model size and accuracy has been a subject of ongoing debate. While some advocate for 4-bit quantization, others propose that 1.58-bit offers superior results.…

Stabilizer states admit compact classical descriptions, but many downstream tasks still require their full amplitude vectors. Since the output itself has size $2^n$, the main algorithmic question is whether one can materialize an $n$-qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-20 Hyunho Cha , Jungwoo Lee

This paper describes a memory-efficient transformer model designed to drive a reduction in memory usage and execution time by substantial orders of magnitude without impairing the model's performance near that of the original model.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Krisvarish V , Priyadarshini T , K P Abhishek Sri Saai , Vaidehi Vijayakumar

Quantization of neural networks provides benefits of inference in less compute and memory requirements. Previous work in quantization lack two important aspects which this work provides. First almost all previous work in quantization used a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Zia Badar

Recent advancements in machine learning achieved by Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have been significant. While demonstrating high accuracy, DNNs are associated with a huge number of parameters and computations, which leads to high memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Babak Rokh , Ali Azarpeyvand , Alireza Khanteymoori

Many machine learning approaches are characterized by information constraints on how they interact with the training data. These include memory and sequential access constraints (e.g. fast first-order methods to solve stochastic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-10-29 Ohad Shamir

While 4-bit quantization has emerged as a memory-optimal choice for non-reasoning models and zero-shot tasks across scales, we show that this universal prescription fails for reasoning models, where the KV cache rather than model size can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Junhyuck Kim , Ethan Ewer , Taehong Moon , Jongho Park , Dimitris Papailiopoulos

Quantization Neural Networks (QNN) have attracted a lot of attention due to their high efficiency. To enhance the quantization accuracy, prior works mainly focus on designing advanced quantization algorithms but still fail to achieve…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Mingzhu Shen , Feng Liang , Ruihao Gong , Yuhang Li , Chuming Li , Chen Lin , Fengwei Yu , Junjie Yan , Wanli Ouyang

Quantization has significantly improved the compute and memory efficiency of Large Language Model (LLM) training. However, existing approaches still rely on accumulating their updates in high-precision: concretely, gradient updates must be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Mahdi Nikdan , Amir Zandieh , Dan Alistarh , Vahab Mirrokni

We address the challenge of optimizing meta-parameters (hyperparameters) in machine learning, a key factor for efficient training and high model performance. Rather than relying on expensive meta-parameter search methods, we introduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Arsalan Sharifnassab , Saber Salehkaleybar , Richard Sutton

Memory footprint is one of the main limiting factors for large neural network training. In backpropagation, one needs to store the input to each operation in the computational graph. Every modern neural network model has quite a few…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-04 Georgii Novikov , Daniel Bershatsky , Julia Gusak , Alex Shonenkov , Denis Dimitrov , Ivan Oseledets

The growing demand for Large Language Models (LLMs) in applications such as content generation, intelligent chatbots, and sentiment analysis poses considerable challenges for LLM service providers. To efficiently use GPU resources and boost…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Yilong Zhao , Chien-Yu Lin , Kan Zhu , Zihao Ye , Lequn Chen , Size Zheng , Luis Ceze , Arvind Krishnamurthy , Tianqi Chen , Baris Kasikci

Quantization-aware training (QAT) is an effective method to drastically reduce the memory footprint of LLMs while keeping performance degradation at an acceptable level. However, the optimal choice of quantization format and bit-width…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Sohir Maskey , Constantin Eichenberg , Johannes Messner , Douglas Orr

Quantization lowers memory usage, computational requirements, and latency by utilizing fewer bits to represent model weights and activations. In this work, we investigate the generalization properties of quantized neural networks, a…

In recent years Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have been rapidly developed in various applications, together with increasingly complex architectures. The performance gain of these DNNs generally comes with high computational costs and large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-12-05 Yiren Zhou , Seyed-Mohsen Moosavi-Dezfooli , Ngai-Man Cheung , Pascal Frossard

Mixed-precision quantization, where a deep neural network's layers are quantized to different precisions, offers the opportunity to optimize the trade-offs between model size, latency, and statistical accuracy beyond what can be achieved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-07 Georg Rutishauser , Francesco Conti , Luca Benini