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There have been growing concerns about the concentration and centralization of Internet infrastructure. In this work, we scrutinize the hosting industry on the Internet by using active measurements, covering 19 Top-Level Domains (TLDs). We…
The Domain Name System (DNS) is involved in practically all web activity, translating easy-to-remember domain names into Internet Protocol (IP) addresses. Due to its central role on the Internet, DNS exposes user web activity in detail. The…
The Domain Name System (DNS) service is one of the pillars of the Internet. This service allows users to access websites on the Internet through easy-to-remember domain names rather than complex numeric IP addresses. DNS acts as a directory…
The Domain Name System (DNS) is a core Internet service that translates domain names into IP addresses. It is a distributed database and protocol with many known weaknesses that subject to countless attacks including spoofing attacks,…
We perform a large-scale analysis of third-party trackers on the World Wide Web from more than 3.5 billion web pages of the CommonCrawl 2012 corpus. We extract a dataset containing more than 140 million third-party embeddings in over 41…
We turn our attention to the elephant in the room of data protection, which is none other than the simple and obvious question: "Who's tracking sensitive domains?". Despite a fast-growing amount of work on more complex facets of the…
The domain name system (DNS) is one of the most important components of today's Internet, and is the standard naming convention between human-readable domain names and machine-routable IP addresses of Internet resources. However, due to the…
Toll scams involve criminals registering fake domains that pretend to be legitimate transportation agencies to trick users into making fraudulent payments. Although these scams are rapidly increasing and causing significant harm, they have…
Over the past decade, Internet centralization and its implications for both people and the resilience of the Internet has become a topic of active debate. While the networking community informally agrees on the definition of centralization,…
Most online communications rely on DNS to map domain names to their hosting IP address(es). Previous work has shown that DNS-based network interference is widespread due to the unencrypted and unauthenticated nature of the original DNS…
This article provides a quantitative analysis of privacy-compromising mechanisms on 1 million popular websites. Findings indicate that nearly 9 in 10 websites leak user data to parties of which the user is likely unaware; more than 6 in 10…
In cybersecurity, allow lists play a crucial role in distinguishing safe websites from potential threats. Conventional methods for compiling allow lists, focusing heavily on website popularity, often overlook infrequently visited legitimate…
The Domain Name System (DNS) is central to all Internet user activity, resolving accessed domain names into Internet Protocol (IP) addresses. As a result, curious DNS resolvers can learn everything about Internet users' interests. Public…
As Internet users have become more savvy about the potential for their Internet communication to be observed, the use of network traffic encryption technologies (e.g., HTTPS/TLS) is on the rise. However, even when encryption is enabled,…
Domain name system communication may provide sensitive information on users' Internet activity. DNS-over-TLS and DNS-over-HTTPS are proposals aiming at increasing the privacy of Internet end users. In this paper we present an overview of…
Internet-wide scans are a common active measurement approach to study the Internet, e.g., studying security properties or protocol adoption. They involve probing large address ranges (IPv4 or parts of IPv6) for specific ports or protocols.…
Censorship of the Internet is widespread around the world. As access to the web becomes increasingly ubiquitous, filtering of this resource becomes more pervasive. Transparency about specific content that citizens are denied access to is…
In this paper, we analyze the evolution of Certificate Transparency (CT) over time and explore the implications of exposing certificate DNS names from the perspective of security and privacy. We find that certificates in CT logs have seen…
Although the security benefits of domain name encryption technologies such as DNS over TLS (DoT), DNS over HTTPS (DoH), and Encrypted Client Hello (ECH) are clear, their positive impact on user privacy is weakened by--the still exposed--IP…
The domain name system (DNS) is a crucial backbone of the Internet and millions of new domains are created on a daily basis. While the vast majority of these domains are legitimate, adversaries also register new hostnames to carry out…