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This paper presents MiniZero, a zero-knowledge learning framework that supports four state-of-the-art algorithms, including AlphaZero, MuZero, Gumbel AlphaZero, and Gumbel MuZero. While these algorithms have demonstrated super-human…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Ti-Rong Wu , Hung Guei , Pei-Chiun Peng , Po-Wei Huang , Ting Han Wei , Chung-Chin Shih , Yun-Jui Tsai

Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is a powerful approach to designing game-playing bots or solving sequential decision problems. The method relies on intelligent tree search that balances exploration and exploitation. MCTS performs random…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Maciej Świechowski , Konrad Godlewski , Bartosz Sawicki , Jacek Mańdziuk

By introducing several improvements to the AlphaZero process and architecture, we greatly accelerate self-play learning in Go, achieving a 50x reduction in computation over comparable methods. Like AlphaZero and replications such as ELF…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-10 David J. Wu

Planning at execution time has been shown to dramatically improve performance for agents in both single-agent and multi-agent settings. A well-known family of approaches to planning at execution time are AlphaZero and its variants, which…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Carlos Martin , Tuomas Sandholm

Recently, AlphaZero has achieved landmark results in deep reinforcement learning, by providing a single self-play architecture that learned three different games at super human level. AlphaZero is a large and complicated system with many…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-01-11 Hui Wang , Mike Preuss , Aske Plaat

The AlphaZero algorithm for the learning of strategy games via self-play, which has produced superhuman ability in the games of Go, chess, and shogi, uses a quantitative reward function for game outcomes, requiring the users of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-17 Dan Schmidt , Nick Moran , Jonathan S. Rosenfeld , Jonathan Rosenthal , Jonathan Yedidia

Simultaneous AlphaZero extends the AlphaZero framework to multistep, two-player zero-sum deterministic Markov games with simultaneous actions. At each decision point, joint action selection is resolved via matrix games whose payoffs…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Tyler Becker , Zachary Sunberg

In the last years, the DeepMind algorithm AlphaZero has become the state of the art to efficiently tackle perfect information two-player zero-sum games with a win/lose outcome. However, when the win/lose outcome is decided by a final score…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Luca Pasqualini , Gianluca Amato , Marco Fantozzi , Rosa Gini , Alessandro Marchetti , Carlo Metta , Francesco Morandin , Maurizio Parton

Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS), most famously used in game-play artificial intelligence (e.g., the game of Go), is a well-known strategy for constructing approximate solutions to sequential decision problems. Its primary innovation is the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-04-21 Daniel R. Jiang , Lina Al-Kanj , Warren B. Powell

The advent of AlphaGo and its successors marked the beginning of a new paradigm in playing games using artificial intelligence. This was achieved by combining Monte Carlo tree search, a planning procedure, and deep learning. While the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Marco Kemmerling , Daniel Lütticke , Robert H. Schmitt

Building agents based on tree-search planning capabilities with learned models has achieved remarkable success in classic decision-making problems, such as Go and Atari. However, it has been deemed challenging or even infeasible to extend…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Yazhe Niu , Yuan Pu , Zhenjie Yang , Xueyan Li , Tong Zhou , Jiyuan Ren , Shuai Hu , Hongsheng Li , Yu Liu

Solving jigsaw puzzles requires to grasp the visual features of a sequence of patches and to explore efficiently a solution space that grows exponentially with the sequence length. Therefore, visual deep reinforcement learning (DRL) should…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-02 Marie-Morgane Paumard , Hedi Tabia , David Picard

Monte-Carlo planning and Reinforcement Learning (RL) are essential to sequential decision making. The recent AlphaGo and AlphaZero algorithms have shown how to successfully combine these two paradigms in order to solve large scale…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-17 Tuan Dam , Carlo D'Eramo , Jan Peters , Joni Pajarinen

AlphaZero has achieved impressive performance in deep reinforcement learning by utilizing an architecture that combines search and training of a neural network in self-play. Many researchers are looking for ways to reproduce and improve…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-14 Hui Wang , Mike Preuss , Aske Plaat

The combination of self-play and planning has achieved great successes in sequential games, for instance in Chess and Go. However, adapting algorithms such as AlphaZero to simultaneous games poses a new challenge. In these games, missing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Yannik Mahlau , Frederik Schubert , Bodo Rosenhahn

Gomoku, also known as five in a row, is a classical board game, ideally suited for quickly testing novel Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques. With the aim of facilitating a developer willing to write a new Gomoku player, in this report…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Lorenzo Piazzo , Michele Scarpiniti , Enzo Baccarelli

Artificial intelligence (AI) has achieved superhuman performance in board games such as Go, chess, and Othello (Reversi). In other words, the AI system surpasses the level of a strong human expert player in such games. In this context, it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-21 Kazuhisa Fujita

Recent years have witnessed significant progress in reinforcement learning, especially with Zero-like paradigms, which have greatly boosted the generalization and reasoning abilities of large-scale language models. Nevertheless, existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Ruitong Li , Aisheng Mo , Guowei Su , Ru Zhang , Binjie Guo , Haohan Jiang , Xurong Lin , Hongyan Wei , Jie Li , Zhiyuan Qian , Zhuhao Zhang , Xiaoyuan Cheng

People have made remarkable progress in game AIs, especially in domain of perfect information game. However, trick-taking poker game, as a popular form of imperfect information game, has been regarded as a challenge for a long time. Since…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Naichen Shi , Ruichen Li , Sun Youran

There exists a broad class of sequencing problems, for example, in proteins and polymers that can be formulated as a heuristic search algorithm that involve decision making akin to a computer game. AI gaming algorithms such as Monte Carlo…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2020-06-08 Tarak K Patra , Troy D. Loeffler , Subramanian K R S Sankaranarayanan