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In nature, legged animals have developed the ability to adapt to challenging terrains through perception, allowing them to plan safe body and foot trajectories in advance, which leads to safe and energy-efficient locomotion. Inspired by…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Haojie Shi , Qingxu Zhu , Lei Han , Wanchao Chi , Tingguang Li , Max Q. -H. Meng

Legged locomotion is commonly studied and expressed as a discrete set of gait patterns, like walk, trot, gallop, which are usually treated as given and pre-programmed in legged robots for efficient locomotion at different speeds. However,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Zipeng Fu , Ashish Kumar , Jitendra Malik , Deepak Pathak

In the fields of robotics and biomechanics, the integration of elastic elements such as springs and tendons in legged systems has long been recognized for enabling energy-efficient locomotion. Yet, a significant challenge persists:…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Iskandar Khemakhem , Dominik Tschemernjak , Maximilian Raff , C. David Remy

Task space trajectory tracking for quadruped robots plays a crucial role on achieving dexterous maneuvers in unstructured environments. To fulfill the control objective, the robot should apply forces through the contact of the legs with the…

This paper addresses the design and development of an autonomous biped robot using master and worker combination of controllers. In addition, the bot is wirelessly controllable. The work presented here explains the walking pattern, system…

Robotics · Computer Science 2015-08-13 Aditya Gupta , Abhishek Shamra

The theories of aero- and hydrodynamics predict animal movement and device design in air and water through the computation of lift, drag, and thrust forces. Although models of terrestrial legged locomotion have focused on interactions with…

Biological Physics · Physics 2019-11-04 Chen Li , Tingnan Zhang , Daniel I. Goldman

Legged robots can traverse challenging terrain, use perception to plan their safe foothold positions, and navigate the environment. Such unique mobility capabilities make these platforms a perfect candidate for scenarios such as search and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-07-08 Prathamesh Saraf , Abhishek Sarkar , Arshad Javed

Wheel-legged robots integrate leg agility on rough terrain with wheel efficiency on flat ground. However, most existing designs do not fully capitalize on the benefits of both legged and wheeled structures, which limits overall system…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Zhicheng Song , Jinglan Xu , Chunxin Zheng , Yulin Li , Zhihai Bi , Jun Ma

A hopping leg, no matter in legged animals or humans, usually behaves like a spring during the periodic hopping. Hopping like a spring is efficient and without the requirement of complicated control algorithms. Position and force control…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-08-02 Juntong Su , Bingchen Jin , Shusheng Ye , Lecheng Ruan , Caiming Sun , Ning Ding , Yili Fu , Jianwen Luo

Several robot manipulation tasks are extremely sensitive to variations of the physical properties of the manipulated objects. One such task is manipulating objects by using gravity or arm accelerations, increasing the importance of mass,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-01-29 Chen Wang , Shaoxiong Wang , Branden Romero , Filipe Veiga , Edward Adelson

Gaits and transitions are key components in legged locomotion. For legged robots, describing and reproducing gaits as well as transitions remain longstanding challenges. Reinforcement learning has become a powerful tool to formulate…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-01-04 Yecheng Shao , Yongbin Jin , Xianwei Liu , Weiyan He , Hongtao Wang , Wei Yang

Legged robots have enormous potential in their range of capabilities, from navigating unstructured terrains to high-speed running. However, designing robust controllers for highly agile dynamic motions remains a substantial challenge for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-04-20 Laura Smith , J. Chase Kew , Tianyu Li , Linda Luu , Xue Bin Peng , Sehoon Ha , Jie Tan , Sergey Levine

A distinctive feature of quadrupeds that is integral to their locomotion is the tail. Tails serve many purposes in biological systems including propulsion, counterbalance, and stabilization while walking, running, climbing, or jumping.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Josh Buckley , Yasemin Ozkan-Aydin

This article propose a whole-body impedance coordinative control framework for a wheel-legged humanoid robot to achieve adaptability on complex terrains while maintaining robot upper body stability. The framework contains a bi-level control…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Lei Shi , Xinghua Yu , Cheng Zhou , Wanxin Jin , Wanchao Chi , Shenghao Zhang , Dongsheng Zhang , Xiong Li , Zhengyou Zhang

To traverse complex scenarios reliably a legged robot needs to move its base aided by the ground reaction forces, which can only be generated by the legs that are momentarily in contact with the ground. A proper selection of footholds is…

Designing agile locomotion for quadruped robots often requires extensive expertise and tedious manual tuning. In this paper, we present a system to automate this process by leveraging deep reinforcement learning techniques. Our system can…

Search and rescue (SAR) robots are required to quickly traverse terrain and perform high-force rescue tasks, necessitating both terrain adaptability and controlled high-force output. Few platforms exist today for SAR, and fewer still have…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-30 William Harris , Lucas Yager , Syler Sylvester , Elizabeth Peiros , Micheal C. Yip

Collapsing terrains, often present in search and rescue missions or planetary exploration, pose significant challenges for quadruped robots. This paper introduces a robust locomotion framework for safe navigation over unstable surfaces by…

The robustness of legged locomotion is crucial for quadrupedal robots in challenging terrains. Recently, Reinforcement Learning (RL) has shown promising results in legged locomotion and various methods try to integrate privileged…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-04 Jiyuan Shi , Chenjia Bai , Haoran He , Lei Han , Dong Wang , Bin Zhao , Mingguo Zhao , Xiu Li , Xuelong Li

Compared to agile legged animals, wheeled and tracked vehicles often suffer large performance loss on granular surfaces like sand and gravel. Understanding the mechanics of legged locomotion on granular media can aid the development of…

Biological Physics · Physics 2019-11-04 Chen Li , Tingnan Zhang , Daniel I. Goldman