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In recent years, there has been an ever increasing amount of multivariate time series (MTS) data in various domains, typically generated by a large family of sensors such as wearable devices. This has led to the development of novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Kang Gu , Soroush Vosoughi , Temiloluwa Prioleau

Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDSs) are important tools for the protection of computer networks against increasingly frequent and sophisticated cyber attacks. Recently, a lot of research effort has been dedicated to the development…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Mohanad Sarhan , Siamak Layeghy , Marius Portmann

The network security analyzers use intrusion detection systems (IDSes) to distinguish malicious traffic from benign ones. The deep learning-based IDSes are proposed to auto-extract high-level features and eliminate the time-consuming and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Mahdi Soltani , Khashayar Khajavi , Mahdi Jafari Siavoshani , Amir Hossein Jahangir

This paper introduces eX-NIDS, a framework designed to enhance interpretability in flow-based Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) by leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs). In our proposed framework, flows labelled as malicious by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Paul R. B. Houssel , Siamak Layeghy , Priyanka Singh , Marius Portmann

As malicious cyber threats become more sophisticated in breaching computer networks, the need for effective intrusion detection systems (IDSs) becomes crucial. Techniques such as Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) have been introduced to allow…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Kyle Stein , Arash Mahyari , Guillermo Francia , Eman El-Sheikh

Edge detection has attracted considerable attention thanks to its exceptional ability to enhance performance in downstream computer vision tasks. In recent years, various deep learning methods have been explored for edge detection tasks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Lei Xu , Mehmet Yamac , Mete Ahishali , Moncef Gabbouj

This paper introduces a novel approach to time series classification using a Markov Transition Field (MTF)-aided Transformer model, specifically designed for Software-Defined Networks (SDNs). The proposed model integrates the temporal…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Poorvi Joshi , Mohan Gurusamy

The Internet has become a prime subject to security attacks and intrusions by attackers. These attacks can lead to system malfunction, network breakdown, data corruption or theft. A network intrusion detection system (IDS) is a tool used…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-14 Tanwir Ahmad , Dragos Truscan , Juri Vain , Ivan Porres

Through continuous observation and modeling of normal behavior in networks, Anomaly-based Network Intrusion Detection System (A-NIDS) offers a way to find possible threats via deviation from the normal model. The analysis of network traffic…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-06-13 Nguyen Thanh Van , Tran Ngoc Thinh , Le Thanh Sach

In the recent years, we have witnessed a huge growth in the number of Internet of Things (IoT) and edge devices being used in our everyday activities. This demands the security of these devices from cyber attacks to be improved to protect…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-07 Kumar Saurabh , Saksham Sood , P. Aditya Kumar , Uphar Singh , Ranjana Vyas , O. P. Vyas , Rahamatullah Khondoker

Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) play an important role as tools for identifying potential network threats. In the context of ever-increasing traffic volume on computer networks, flow-based NIDS arise as good solutions for…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-09-24 Camila Pontes , Manuela Souza , João Gondim , Matt Bishop , Marcelo Marotta

Machine Learning (ML) techniques are becoming an invaluable support for network intrusion detection, especially in revealing anomalous flows, which often hide cyber-threats. Typically, ML algorithms are exploited to classify/recognize data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Mario Di Mauro , Giovanni Galatro , Giancarlo Fortino , Antonio Liotta

Despite decades of development, existing IDSs still face challenges in improving detection accuracy, evasion, and detection of unknown attacks. To solve these problems, many researchers have focused on designing and developing IDSs that use…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Mofe O. Jeje

Conventional time series classification approaches based on bags of patterns or shapelets face significant challenges in dealing with a vast amount of feature candidates from high-dimensional multivariate data. In contrast, deep neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Raneen Younis , Abdul Hakmeh , Zahra Ahmadi

Network intrusion attacks are a known threat. To detect such attacks, network intrusion detection systems (NIDSs) have been developed and deployed. These systems apply machine learning models to high-dimensional vectors of features…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-12 Yam Sharon , David Berend , Yang Liu , Asaf Shabtai , Yuval Elovici

Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) are essential for securing networks by identifying and mitigating unauthorized activities indicative of cyberattacks. As cyber threats grow increasingly sophisticated, NIDS must evolve to detect…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Sudhanshu Sekhar Tripathy , Bichitrananda Behera

Network attacks have became increasingly more sophisticated and stealthy due to the advances in technologies and the growing sophistication of attackers. Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) are a type of attack that implement a wide range of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Abdullah H Alqahtani

As cyberattacks become increasingly sophisticated, advanced Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) are critical for modern network security. Traditional signature-based NIDS are inadequate against zero-day and evolving attacks. In…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Benyamin Tafreshian , Shengzhi Zhang

Despite the demonstrated effectiveness of transformer models in NLP, and image and video classification, the available tools for extracting features from captured IoT network flow packets fail to capture sequential patterns in addition to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Hassan Wasswa , Timothy Lynar , Aziida Nanyonga , Hussein Abbass

Software Defined Networks (SDN) face many security challenges today. A great deal of research has been done within the field of Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) in these networks. Yet, numerous approaches still rely on deep learning…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Rasoul Jafari Gohari , Laya Aliahmadipour , Marjan Kuchaki Rafsanjani