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Koopman operators and transfer operators represent nonlinear dynamics in state space through its induced action on linear spaces of observables and measures, respectively. This framework enables the use of linear operator theory for…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-06-06 Claire Valva , Dimitrios Giannakis

The Koopman operator is a linear but infinite dimensional operator that governs the evolution of scalar observables defined on the state space of an autonomous dynamical system, and is a powerful tool for the analysis and decomposition of…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2015-07-28 Matthew O. Williams , Ioannis G. Kevrekidis , Clarence W. Rowley

For the class of continuous, measure-preserving automorphisms on compact metric spaces, a procedure is proposed for constructing a sequence of finite-dimensional approximations to the associated Koopman operator on a Hilbert space. These…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2018-12-10 Nithin Govindarajan , Ryan Mohr , Shivkumar Chandrasekaran , Igor Mezić

Matching dynamical systems, through different forms of conjugacies and equivalences, has long been a fundamental concept, and a powerful tool, in the study and classification of nonlinear dynamic behavior (e.g. through normal forms). In…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2018-03-08 Erik M. Bollt , Qianxiao Li , Felix Dietrich , Ioannis Kevrekidis

Data-driven spectral analysis of Koopman operators is a powerful tool for understanding numerous real-world dynamical systems, from neuronal activity to variations in sea surface temperature. The Koopman operator acts on a function space…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-06-23 Nicolas Boullé , Matthew J. Colbrook , Gustav Conradie

We propose a tensor network framework for approximating the evolution of observables of measure-preserving ergodic systems. Our approach is based on a spectrally-convergent approximation of the skew-adjoint Koopman generator by a…

We study the convergence of Hermitian Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) to the spectral properties of self-adjoint Koopman operators. Hermitian DMD is a data-driven method that approximates the Koopman operator associated with an unknown…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-10-08 Nicolas Boullé , Matthew J. Colbrook

In this paper we consider the Koopman operator associated with the discrete and the continuous time random dynamical system (RDS). We provide results that characterize the spectrum and the eigenfunctions of the stochastic Koopman operator…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2019-01-17 Nelida Črnjarić-Žic , Senka Maćešić , Igor Mezić

Transfer and Koopman operator methods offer a framework for representing complex, nonlinear dynamical systems via linear transformations, enabling a deeper understanding of the underlying dynamics. The spectra of these operators provide…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-03-25 Gary Froyland , Kevin Kühl

The Koopman operator induced by a dynamical system is inherently linear and provides an alternate method of studying many properties of the system, including attractor reconstruction and forecasting. Koopman eigenfunctions represent the…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2020-11-26 Suddhasattwa Das , Dimitrios Giannakis

Every invertible, measure-preserving dynamical system induces a Koopman operator, which is a linear, unitary evolution operator acting on the $L^2$ space of observables associated with the invariant measure. Koopman eigenfunctions represent…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2020-11-26 Suddhasattwa Das , Dimitrios Giannakis

In recent years, the success of the Koopman operator in dynamical systems analysis has also fueled the development of Koopman operator-based control frameworks. In order to preserve the relatively low data requirements for an approximation…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-10-15 Sebastian Peitz , Samuel E. Otto , Clarence W. Rowley

Koopman operators provide tractable means of learning linear approximations of non-linear dynamics. Many approaches have been proposed to find these operators, typically based upon approximations using an a-priori fixed class of models.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-09 Mario Sznaier

We propose a new concept for the regularization and discretization of transfer and Koopman operators in dynamical systems. Our approach is based on the entropically regularized optimal transport between two probability measures. In…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-09-14 Oliver Junge , Daniel Matthes , Bernhard Schmitzer

The problem of data-driven identification of coherent observables of measure-preserving, ergodic dynamical systems is studied using kernel integral operator techniques. An approach is proposed whereby complex-valued observables with…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2020-10-28 Dimitrios Giannakis

The Koopman operator approach provides a powerful linear description of nonlinear dynamical systems in terms of the evolution of observables. While the operator is typically infinite-dimensional, it is crucial to develop finite-dimensional…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-03-03 Rishikesh Yadav , Alexandre Mauroy

The Koopman operator provides a linear framework to study nonlinear dynamical systems. Its spectra offer valuable insights into system dynamics, but the operator can exhibit both discrete and continuous spectra, complicating direct…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-05-02 Jonghyeon Lee , Boumediene Hamzi , Boya Hou , Houman Owhadi , Gabriele Santin , Umesh Vaidya

Koopman analysis of a general dynamics system provides a linear Koopman operator and an embedded eigenfunction space, enabling the application of standard techniques from linear analysis. However, in practice, deriving exact operators and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-29 Alexander Estornell , Leonard Jung , Alenna Spiro , Mario Sznaier , Michael Everett

We present a data-driven method for spectral analysis of the Koopman operator based on direct construction of the pseudo-resolvent from time-series data. Finite-dimensional approximation of the Koopman operator, such as those obtained from…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-02-23 Yuanchao Xu , Itsushi Sakata , Isao Ishikawa

Nonlinear dynamical systems with symmetries exhibit a rich variety of behaviors, including complex attractor-basin portraits and enhanced and suppressed bifurcations. Symmetry arguments provide a way to study these collective behaviors and…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2019-10-23 Anastasiya Salova , Jeffrey Emenheiser , Adam Rupe , James P. Crutchfield , Raissa M. D'Souza
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