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In 1983, A. Bouchet extended W.T. Tutte's notion of nowhere-zero flows to signed graphs, and conjectured that every flow-admissible signed graph has a nowhere-zero 6-flow. In this paper we prove that every flow-admissible signed graph that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-23 Matt DeVos , Kathryn Nurse , Robert Šámal

A 1983 conjecture of Bouchet states that every flow-admissible signed graph has a nowhere-zero six-flow. We prove this conjecture for cyclically five-edge-connected, cubic signed graphs.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-12 Kathryn Nurse

Bouchet conjectured in 1983 that each signed graph that admits a nowhere-zero flow has a nowhere-zero 6-flow. We prove that the conjecture is true for all signed series-parallel graphs. Unlike the unsigned case, the restriction to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-11-10 Tomáš Kaiser , Edita Rollová

In 1983, Bouchet proposed a conjecture that every flow-admissible signed graph admits a nowhere-zero $6$-flow. Bouchet himself proved that such signed graphs admit nowhere-zero $216$-flows and Zyka further proved that such signed graphs…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-08-30 Matt DeVos , Jiaao Li , You Lu , Rong Luo , Cun-Quan Zhang , Zhang Zhang

In 1983, Bouchet conjectured that every flow-admissible signed graph admits a nowhere-zero 6-flow. We verify this conjecture for the class of flow-admissible signed graphs possessing a spanning even Eulerian subgraph, which includes as a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-10 Chao Wen , Qiang Sun , Chao Zhang

The study of nowhere-zero flows began with a key observation of Tutte that in planar graphs, nowhere-zero k-flows are dual to k-colourings (in the form of k-tensions). Tutte conjectured that every graph without a cut-edge has a nowhere-zero…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-11-01 Matt DeVos

Bouchet conjectured in 1983 that every flow-admissible signed graph admits a nowhere-zero 6-flow which is equivalent to the restriction to cubic signed graphs. In this paper, we proved that every flow-admissible $3$-edge-colorable cubic…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-11-04 Liangchen Li , Chong Li , Rong Luo , C. -Q Zhang , Hailing Zhang

In 1983, Bouchet conjectured that every flow-admissible signed graph admits a nowhere-zero $6$-flow. In this paper, we prove that Bouchet's conjecture holds for all signed ladders, circular and M\"obius ladders. In fact, all signed ladders,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-03 Leila Parsaei-Majd

Tutte's 5-Flow Conjecture from 1954 states that every bridgeless graph has a nowhere-zero 5-flow. In 2004, Kochol proved that the conjecture is equivalent to its restriction on cyclically 6-edge connected cubic graphs. We prove that every…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-12-18 Giuseppe Mazzuoccolo , Eckhard Steffen

A signed graph is a graph with a positive or negative sign on each edge. Regarding each edge as two half edges, an orientation of a signed graph is an assignment of a direction to each of its half edges such that the two half edges of a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-04-13 Fan Yang , Sanming Zhou

We prove that a signed graph admits a nowhere-zero $8$-flow provided that it is flow-admissible and the underlying graph admits a nowhere-zero $4$-flow. When combined with the 4-color theorem, this implies that every flow-admissible…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-02-21 Rong Luo , Edita Máčajová , Martin Škoviera , Cun-Quan Zhang

This paper is devoted to a detailed study of nowhere-zero flows on signed eulerian graphs. We generalise the well-known fact about the existence of nowhere-zero $2$-flows in eulerian graphs by proving that every signed eulerian graph that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-07-04 Edita Máčajová , Martin Škoviera

There are many major open problems in integer flow theory, such as Tutte's 3-flow conjecture that every 4-edge-connected graph admits a nowhere-zero 3-flow, Jaeger et al.'s conjecture that every 5-edge-connected graph is $Z_3$-connected and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-07-13 Fuyuan Chen , Bo Ning

In 1954, Tutte conjectured that every bridgeless graph has a nowhere-zero 5-flow. Let $\omega$ be the minimum number of odd cycles in a 2-factor of a bridgeless cubic graph. Tutte's conjecture is equivalent to its restriction to cubic…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-09-21 Eckhard Steffen

Let $G$ be a bridgeless cubic graph, and $\mu_2(G)$ the minimum number $k$ such that two 1-factors of $G$ intersect in $k$ edges. A cyclically $n$-edge-connected cubic graph $G$ has a nowhere-zero 5-flow if (1) $n \geq 6$ and $\mu_2(G) \leq…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-09-05 Eckhard Steffen

Two well-known results in the world of nowhere-zero flows are Jaeger's 4-flow theorem asserting that every 4-edge-connected graph has a nowhere-zero $\mathbb{Z}_2 \times \mathbb{Z}_2$-flow and Seymour's 6-flow theorem asserting that every…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-05-21 Matt DeVos , Rikke Langhede , Bojan Mohar , Robert Šámal

A nowhere-zero $k$-flow on a graph $\Gamma$ is a mapping from the edges of $\Gamma$ to the set $\{\pm1, \pm2, ..., \pm(k-1)\} \subset \bbZ$ such that, in any fixed orientation of $\Gamma$, at each node the sum of the labels over the edges…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-25 Matthias Beck , Thomas Zaslavsky

We study the flow spectrum ${\cal S}(G)$ and the integer flow spectrum $\overline{{\cal S}}(G)$ of signed $(2t+1)$-regular graphs. We show that if $r \in {\cal S}(G)$, then $r = 2+\frac{1}{t}$ or $r \geq 2 + \frac{2}{2t-1}$. Furthermore, $2…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-09-22 Michael Schubert , Eckhard Steffen

Tutte conjectured in 1972 that every 4-edge connected graph has a nowhere-zero 3-flow. This has long been known to be equivalent to the conjecture that every 5-regular 4-edge-connected graph has an edge orientation in which every out-degree…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-08-08 Pawel Pralat , Nick Wormald

Tutte's famous 5-flow conjecture asserts that every bridgeless graph has a nowhere-zero 5-flow. Seymour proved that every such graph has a nowhere-zero 6-flow. Here we give (two versions of) a new proof of Seymour's Theorem. Both are…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-12-22 Matt DeVos , Edita Rollová , Robert Šámal
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