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Large language models (LLMs), designed to provide helpful and safe responses, often rely on alignment techniques to align with user intent and social guidelines. Unfortunately, this alignment can be exploited by malicious actors seeking to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Raz Lapid , Ron Langberg , Moshe Sipper

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated with graph-structured data for tasks like node classification, a domain traditionally dominated by Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). While this integration leverages rich relational…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Iyiola E. Olatunji , Franziska Boenisch , Jing Xu , Adam Dziedzic

With the significant development of large models in recent years, Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a wide range of multimodal understanding and reasoning tasks. Compared to traditional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Daizong Liu , Mingyu Yang , Xiaoye Qu , Pan Zhou , Yu Cheng , Wei Hu

Adversarial attacks expose vulnerabilities of deep learning models by introducing minor perturbations to the input, which lead to substantial alterations in the output. Our research focuses on the impact of such adversarial attacks on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-14 Pavel Burnyshev , Elizaveta Kostenok , Alexey Zaytsev

Deep learning-based natural language processing (NLP) models, particularly pre-trained language models (PLMs), have been revealed to be vulnerable to adversarial attacks. However, the adversarial examples generated by many mainstream…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Zimu Wang , Wei Wang , Qi Chen , Qiufeng Wang , Anh Nguyen

While vision and multimodal foundation models underpin critical tasks from perception to complex reasoning, they remain highly vulnerable to adversarial attacks. However, traditional adversarial attacks are typically limited to single,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Ye Sun , Xin Wang , Jiaming Zhang , Yifeng Gao , Yixu Wang , Yifan Ding , Qixian Zhang , Henghui Ding , Xingjun Ma , Yu-Gang Jiang

The state-of-the-art performance of deep learning algorithms has led to a considerable increase in the utilization of machine learning in security-sensitive and critical applications. However, it has recently been shown that a small and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-01 Ali Dabouei , Sobhan Soleymani , Jeremy Dawson , Nasser M. Nasrabadi

This paper documents early research conducted in 2022 on defending against prompt injection attacks in large language models, providing historical context for the evolution of this critical security domain. This research focuses on two…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Gustavo Sandoval , Denys Fenchenko , Junyao Chen

Multilingual large language models (LLMs) seem to generalize somewhat across languages. We hypothesize this is a result of implicit vector space alignment. Evaluating such alignment, we see that larger models exhibit very high-quality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Qiwei Peng , Anders Søgaard

Despite recent advances, Large Language Models remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks that bypass alignment safeguards and elicit harmful outputs. While prior research has proposed various attack strategies differing in human readability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Havva Alizadeh Noughabi , Julien Serbanescu , Fattane Zarrinkalam , Ali Dehghantanha

A novel hack involving Large Language Models (LLMs) has emerged, exploiting adversarial suffixes to deceive models into generating perilous responses. Such jailbreaks can trick LLMs into providing intricate instructions to a malicious user…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Gabriel Alon , Michael Kamfonas

Large language models (LLMs) are typically aligned to be harmless to humans. Unfortunately, recent work has shown that such models are susceptible to automated jailbreak attacks that induce them to generate harmful content. More recent LLMs…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Neal Mangaokar , Ashish Hooda , Jihye Choi , Shreyas Chandrashekaran , Kassem Fawaz , Somesh Jha , Atul Prakash

The increasing integration of Large Language Model (LLM) based search engines has transformed the landscape of information retrieval. However, these systems are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, especially ranking manipulation attacks,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Xiyang Hu

We introduce a novel framework that utilizes the internal weight activations of modern Large Language Models (LLMs) to construct a metric space of languages. Unlike traditional approaches based on hand-crafted linguistic features, our…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Maksym Shamrai , Vladyslav Hamolia

Adversarial prompts are capable of jailbreaking frontier large language models (LLMs) and inducing undesirable behaviours, posing a significant obstacle to their safe deployment. Current mitigation strategies primarily rely on activating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Canaan Yung , Hanxun Huang , Christopher Leckie , Sarah Erfani

Robust verbal confidence generated by large language models (LLMs) is crucial for the deployment of LLMs to help ensure transparency, trust, and safety in many applications, including those involving human-AI interactions. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Stephen Obadinma , Xiaodan Zhu

Recently, there has been a surge of interest in integrating vision into Large Language Models (LLMs), exemplified by Visual Language Models (VLMs) such as Flamingo and GPT-4. This paper sheds light on the security and safety implications of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Xiangyu Qi , Kaixuan Huang , Ashwinee Panda , Peter Henderson , Mengdi Wang , Prateek Mittal

We propose a universal adversarial attack on multimodal Large Language Models (LLMs) that leverages a single optimized image to override alignment safeguards across diverse queries and even multiple models. By backpropagating through the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Temurbek Rahmatullaev , Polina Druzhinina , Nikita Kurdiukov , Matvey Mikhalchuk , Andrey Kuznetsov , Anton Razzhigaev

The implications of backdoor attacks on English-centric large language models (LLMs) have been widely examined - such attacks can be achieved by embedding malicious behaviors during training and activated under specific conditions that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Xuanli He , Jun Wang , Qiongkai Xu , Pasquale Minervini , Pontus Stenetorp , Benjamin I. P. Rubinstein , Trevor Cohn

We investigate the adversarial robustness of LLMs in transfer learning scenarios. Through comprehensive experiments on multiple datasets (MBIB Hate Speech, MBIB Political Bias, MBIB Gender Bias) and various model architectures (BERT,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Bohdan Turbal , Anastasiia Mazur , Jiaxu Zhao , Mykola Pechenizkiy