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This work introduces ExaLogLog, a new data structure for approximate distinct counting, which has the same practical properties as the popular HyperLogLog algorithm. It is commutative, idempotent, mergeable, reducible, has a constant-time…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Otmar Ertl

MinHash and HyperLogLog are sketching algorithms that have become indispensable for set summaries in big data applications. While HyperLogLog allows counting different elements with very little space, MinHash is suitable for the fast…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-08-12 Otmar Ertl

Cardinality estimation - calculating the number of distinct elements in a stream - is a longstanding problem with applications from networking to bioinformatics. HyperLogLog (HLL), the prevailing standard, has a well-known error spike in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Brian Bushnell

Output-intensive scientific applications are highly sensitive to low storage throughput. While existing scientific application stacks are optimized for traditional High-Performance Computing (HPC) environments with high remote storage and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Steven W. D. Chien , Kento Sato , Artur Podobas , Niclas Jansson , Stefano Markidis , Michio Honda

In this extended abstract, we describe and analyze a lossy compression of MinHash from buckets of size $O(\log n)$ to buckets of size $O(\log\log n)$ by encoding using floating-point notation. This new compressed sketch, which we call…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-07-16 Yun William Yu , Griffin M. Weber

We present HyperLogLogLog, a practical compression of the HyperLogLog sketch that compresses the sketch from $O(m\log\log n)$ bits down to $m \log_2\log_2\log_2 m + O(m+\log\log n)$ bits for estimating the number of distinct elements~$n$…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Matti Karppa , Rasmus Pagh

Cardinality estimation is the task of approximating the number of distinct elements in a large dataset with possibly repeating elements. LogLog and HyperLogLog (c.f. Durand and Flajolet [ESA 2003], Flajolet et al. [Discrete Math Theor.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-08-19 Aleksander Łukasiewicz , Przemysław Uznański

Log files record computational events that reflect system state and behavior, making them a primary source of operational insights in modern computer systems. Automated anomaly detection on logs is therefore critical, yet most established…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Simon Dietz , Kai Klede , An Nguyen , Bjoern M Eskofier

Logs play a crucial role in modern software systems, serving as a means for developers to record essential information for future software maintenance. As the performance of these log-based maintenance tasks heavily relies on the quality of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Xiaoyuan Xie , Zhipeng Cai , Songqiang Chen , Jifeng Xuan

We describe a new cardinality estimation algorithm that is extremely space-efficient. It applies one of three novel estimators to the compressed state of the Flajolet-Martin-85 coupon collection process. In an apples-to-apples empirical…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-08-24 Kevin J Lang

We introduce LogQuant, a groundbreaking 2-bit quantization technique for KV Cache in large language model (LLM) inference, delivering substantial memory savings while preserving superior performance. Previous methods either assume that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Han Chen , Zicong Jiang , Zining Zhang , Bingsheng He , Pingyi Luo , Mian Lu , Yuqiang Chen

We present jump consistent hash, a fast, minimal memory, consistent hash algorithm that can be expressed in about 5 lines of code. In comparison to the algorithm of Karger et al., jump consistent hash requires no storage, is faster, and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-06-10 John Lamping , Eric Veach

Log data is a crucial resource for recording system events and states during system execution. However, as systems grow in scale, log data generation has become increasingly explosive, leading to an expensive overhead on log storage, such…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Xiaoyun Li , Hongyu Zhang , Van-Hoang Le , Pengfei Chen

Data sketches are a set of widely used approximated data summarizing techniques. Their fundamental property is sub-linear memory complexity on the input cardinality, an important aspect when processing streams or data sets with a vast base…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-10-21 Amit Kulkarni , Monica Chiosa , Thomas B. Preußer , Kaan Kara , David Sidler , Gustavo Alonso

With the increasing prevalence of scalable file systems in the context of High Performance Computing (HPC), the importance of accurate anomaly detection on runtime logs is increasing. But as it currently stands, many state-of-the-art…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-01-20 Chris Egersdoerfer , Dong Dai , Di Zhang

System logs are a critical resource for monitoring and managing distributed systems, providing insights into failures and anomalous behavior. Traditional log analysis techniques, including template-based and sequence-driven approaches,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Anfeng Peng , Ajesh Koyatan Chathoth , Stephen Lee

Modern software systems generate extensive heterogeneous log data with dynamic formats, fragmented event sequences, and varying temporal patterns, making anomaly detection both crucial and challenging. To address these complexities, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Przemek Pospieszny , Wojciech Mormul , Karolina Szyndler , Sanjeev Kumar

Many emerging use cases of data mining and machine learning operate on large datasets with data from heterogeneous sources, specifically with both sparse and dense components. For example, dense deep neural network embedding vectors are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-22 Xiang Wu , Ruiqi Guo , David Simcha , Dave Dopson , Sanjiv Kumar

Log parsing is a critical step that transforms unstructured log data into structured formats, facilitating subsequent log-based analysis. Traditional syntax-based log parsers are efficient and effective, but they often experience decreased…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Zeyang Ma , Dong Jae Kim , Tse-Hsun Chen

We present two applications of egglog to mathematical optimization in JijModeling 2, a mathematical modeller whose internal representation is based on simply typed $\lambda$-calculus. First, we use egglog to improve $\LaTeX$ output for…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Hiromi Ishii
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