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Computational biology and bioinformatics provide vast data gold-mines from protein sequences, ideal for Language Models taken from NLP. These LMs reach for new prediction frontiers at low inference costs. Here, we trained two…

Deep learning has contributed to major advances in the prediction of protein structure from sequence, a fundamental problem in structural bioinformatics. With predictions now approaching the accuracy of crystallographic resolution in some…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2022-01-26 Mu Gao , Mark Coletti , Russell B. Davidson , Ryan Prout , Subil Abraham , Benjamin Hernandez , Ada Sedova

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) represent one of the most prevalent FDA-approved modalities for treating autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, and cancers. However, discovery and development of therapeutic antibodies remains a…

Antibodies, a prominent class of approved biologics, play a crucial role in detecting foreign antigens. The effectiveness of antigen neutralisation and elimination hinges upon the strength, sensitivity, and specificity of the…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2023-09-06 Bruna Moreira da Silva , David B. Ascher , Nicholas Geard , Douglas E. V. Pires

The de novo design of ligand-binding proteins with tailored functions is essential for advancing biotechnology and molecular medicine, yet existing AI approaches are limited by scarce protein-ligand complex data. To circumvent this data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Zhenqiao Song , Ramith Hettiarachchi , Chuan Li , Jianwen Xie , Lei Li

Identification of high affinity drug-target interactions is a major research question in drug discovery. Proteins are generally represented by their structures or sequences. However, structures are available only for a small subset of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-22 Rıza Özçelik , Hakime Öztürk , Arzucan Özgür , Elif Ozkirimli

A plethora of protein language models have been released in recent years. Yet comparatively little work has addressed how to best sample from them to optimize desired biological properties. We fill this gap by proposing a flexible,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Calvin McCarter , Nick Bhattacharya , Sebastian W. Ober , Hunter Elliott

We introduce AbBiBench (Antibody Binding Benchmarking), a benchmarking framework for antibody binding affinity maturation and design. Unlike previous strategies that evaluate antibodies in isolation, typically by comparing them to natural…

With the growing prominence of antibody-based therapeutics, antibody engineering has gained increasing attention as a critical area of research and development. Recent progress in transformer-based protein large language models (LLMs) has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Eunna Huh , Hyeonsu Lee , Hyunjin Shin

Understanding protein solubility is essential for their functional applications. Computational methods for predicting protein solubility are crucial for reducing experimental costs and enhancing the efficiency and success rates of protein…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-07-01 Yang Tan , Jia Zheng , Liang Hong , Bingxin Zhou

Antibody binding site prediction plays a pivotal role in computational immunology and therapeutic antibody design. Existing sequence or structure methods rely on single-view features and fail to identify antibody-specific binding sites on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Hongzong Li , Jiahao Ma , Zhanpeng Shi , Rui Xiao , Fanming Jin , Ye-Fan Hu , Hangjun Che , Jian-Dong Huang

Recent advances in Protein Language Models (PLMs) have transformed protein engineering, yet unlike their counterparts in Natural Language Processing (NLP), current PLMs exhibit a fundamental limitation: they excel in either Protein Language…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Liuzhenghao Lv , Zongying Lin , Hao Li , Yuyang Liu , Jiaxi Cui , Calvin Yu-Chian Chen , Li Yuan , Yonghong Tian

We introduce IntFold, a controllable foundation model for general and specialized biomolecular structure prediction. Utilizing a high-performance custom attention kernel, IntFold achieves accuracy comparable to the state-of-the-art…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-07-08 The IntFold Team , Leon Qiao , Wayne Bai , He Yan , Gary Liu , Nova Xi , Xiang Zhang , Siqi Sun

Unlocking the next generation of biotechnology and therapeutic innovation demands overcoming the inherent complexity and resource-intensity of conventional protein engineering methods. Recent GenAI-powered computational techniques often…

Existing Protein Language Models (PLMs) often suffer from limited adaptability to multiple tasks and exhibit poor generalization across diverse biological contexts. In contrast, general-purpose Large Language Models (LLMs) lack the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Yujia Wang , Jihong Guan , Wengen Li , Shuigeng Zhou , Xuhong Wang

Medicine is inherently multimodal, with rich data modalities spanning text, imaging, genomics, and more. Generalist biomedical artificial intelligence (AI) systems that flexibly encode, integrate, and interpret this data at scale can…

Antibody design remains a critical challenge in therapeutic and diagnostic development, particularly for complex antigens with diverse binding interfaces. Current computational methods face two main limitations: (1) capturing geometric…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Jiameng Chen , Xiantao Cai , Jia Wu , Wenbin Hu

Understanding and designing biomolecules, such as proteins and small molecules, is central to advancing drug discovery, synthetic biology and enzyme engineering. Recent breakthroughs in artificial intelligence have revolutionized…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Xiang Zhuang , Keyan Ding , Tianwen Lyu , Yinuo Jiang , Xiaotong Li , Zhuoyi Xiang , Zeyuan Wang , Ming Qin , Kehua Feng , Jike Wang , Qiang Zhang , Huajun Chen

Antigen-antibody binding is a critical process in the immune response. Although recent progress has advanced antibody design, current methods lack a generative framework for end-to-end modeling of full-atom antibody structures and struggle…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2026-02-10 Wenda Wang , Yang Zhang , Zhewei Wei , Wenbing Huang

Recent advancements in machine learning (ML) are transforming the field of structural biology. For example, AlphaFold, a groundbreaking neural network for protein structure prediction, has been widely adopted by researchers. The…