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We consider the problem of representation learning for graph data. Convolutional neural networks can naturally operate on images, but have significant challenges in dealing with graph data. Given images are special cases of graphs with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-15 Hongyang Gao , Shuiwang Ji

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are a powerful solution for various structure learning applications due to their strong representation capabilities for graph data. However, traditional GNNs, relying on message-passing mechanisms that gather…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Wei Duan , Jie Lu , Yu Guang Wang , Junyu Xuan

In designing and applying graph neural networks, we often fall into some optimization pitfalls, the most deceptive of which is that we can only build a deep model by solving over-smoothing. The fundamental reason is that we do not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Xue Li , Yuanzhi Cheng

Geometric deep learning has made great strides towards generalizing the design of structure-aware neural networks from traditional domains to non-Euclidean ones, giving rise to graph neural networks (GNN) that can be applied to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-28 Frederik Wenkel , Yimeng Min , Matthew Hirn , Michael Perlmutter , Guy Wolf

Message passing neural networks iteratively generate node embeddings by aggregating information from neighboring nodes. With increasing depth, information from more distant nodes is included. However, node embeddings may be unable to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Franka Bause , Samir Moustafa , Johannes Langguth , Wilfried N. Gansterer , Nils M. Kriege

Graph convolutional networks (GCNs) are a powerful deep learning approach for graph-structured data. Recently, GCNs and subsequent variants have shown superior performance in various application areas on real-world datasets. Despite their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Ming Chen , Zhewei Wei , Zengfeng Huang , Bolin Ding , Yaliang Li

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), a type of neural network that can learn from graph-structured data through neighborhood information aggregation, have shown superior performance in various downstream tasks. However, as the number of layers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Jingbo Zhou , Yixuan Du , Ruqiong Zhang , Jun Xia , Zhizhi Yu , Zelin Zang , Di Jin , Carl Yang , Rui Zhang , Stan Z. Li

Message passing has evolved as an effective tool for designing Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). However, most existing methods for message passing simply sum or average all the neighboring features to update node representations. They are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-17 Rui Yang , Wenrui Dai , Chenglin Li , Junni Zou , Hongkai Xiong

Graph neural networks operate on graph-structured data via exchanging messages along edges. One limitation of this message passing paradigm is the over-squashing problem. Over-squashing occurs when messages from a node's expanded receptive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Thomas Christie , Yu He

Clustering techniques attempt to group objects with similar properties into a cluster. Clustering the nodes of an attributed graph, in which each node is associated with a set of feature attributes, has attracted significant attention.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Chaojie Ji , Hongwei Chen , Ruxin Wang , Yunpeng Cai , Hongyan Wu

Graph neural networks (GNNs) hold the promise of learning efficient representations of graph-structured data, and one of its most important applications is semi-supervised node classification. However, in this application, GNN frameworks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Jiaqi Sun , Lin Zhang , Shenglin Zhao , Yujiu Yang

Hierarchical Pooling Models have demonstrated strong performance in classifying graph-structured data. While numerous innovative methods have been proposed to design cluster assignments and coarsening strategies, the relationships between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Michael Yang

Spectral clustering (SC) is a popular clustering technique to find strongly connected communities on a graph. SC can be used in Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) to implement pooling operations that aggregate nodes belonging to the same cluster.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Filippo Maria Bianchi , Daniele Grattarola , Cesare Alippi

Oversmoothing has long been identified as a major limitation of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs): input node features are smoothed at each layer and converge to a non-informative representation, if the weights of the GNN are sufficiently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Nicolas Keriven

Numerous approaches have been explored for graph clustering, including those which optimize a global criteria such as modularity. More recently, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), which have produced state-of-the-art results in graph analysis…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Co Tran , Mo Badawy , Tyler McDonnell

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have shown great potential in graph data analysis due to their powerful representation capabilities. However, as the network depth increases, the issue of over-smoothing becomes more severe, causing node…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Kaichen Ouyang

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have become pivotal tools for processing graph-structured data, leveraging the message passing scheme as their core mechanism. However, traditional GNNs often grapple with issues such as instability,…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-20 Yuanhong Jiang , Dongmian Zou , Xiaoqun Zhang , Yu Guang Wang

Graph Convolutional Networks (GCN) are Graph Neural Networks where the convolutions are applied over a graph. In contrast to Convolutional Neural Networks, GCN's are designed to perform inference on graphs, where the number of nodes can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Adrian Moldovan , Angel Caţaron , Răzvan Andonie

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are one of the most popular approaches to using deep learning on graph-structured data, and they have shown state-of-the-art performances on a variety of tasks. However, according to a recent study, a careful…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-08 Jihoon Ko , Taehyung Kwon , Kijung Shin , Juho Lee

Prior studies using graph neural networks (GNNs) for image classification have focused on graphs generated from a regular grid of pixels or similar-sized superpixels. In the latter, a single target number of superpixels is defined for an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Varun Vasudevan , Maxime Bassenne , Md Tauhidul Islam , Lei Xing