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Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance and received significant research interest. The enormous computational demands, however, hinder the local deployment on devices with limited resources. The current prevalent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Yujie Gu , Richeng Jin , Xiaoyu Ji , Yier Jin , Wenyuan Xu

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have been driven by test-time compute scaling - a strategy that improves reasoning by generating longer, sequential thought processes. While effective, this approach encounters a significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Hao Wen , Yifan Su , Feifei Zhang , Yunxin Liu , Yunhao Liu , Ya-Qin Zhang , Yuanchun Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used in generative applications such as chatting, code generation, and reasoning. However, many realworld workloads such as classification, question answering, recommendation, and text embedding rely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Dinghong Song , Yuan Feng , Yiwei Wang , Shangye Chen , Cyril Guyot , Filip Blagojevic , Hyeran Jeon , Pengfei Su , Dong Li

As the ever-increasing token limits of large language models (LLMs) have enabled long context as input, prompting with single data samples might no longer an efficient way. A straightforward strategy improving efficiency is to batch data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Jianzhe Lin , Maurice Diesendruck , Liang Du , Robin Abraham

As the Large Language Model (LLM) becomes increasingly important in various domains. However, the following challenges still remain unsolved in accelerating LLM inference: (1) Synchronized partial softmax update. The softmax operation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-08 Ke Hong , Guohao Dai , Jiaming Xu , Qiuli Mao , Xiuhong Li , Jun Liu , Kangdi Chen , Yuhan Dong , Yu Wang

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has revolutionized code completion, transforming it into a more intelligent and context-aware feature in modern integrated development environments. These advancements have significantly enhanced…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Hang Zhang , Yanxin Shen , Lun Wang , Chuanqi Shi , Shaoshuai Du , Yiyi Tao , Yixian Shen

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed on customer devices. To support them, current devices are adopting SoCs (System on Chip) with NPUs (Neural Processing Unit) installed. Although high performance is expected, LLM…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Jianyu Wei , Qingtao Li , Shijie Cao , Lingxiao Ma , Zixu Hao , Yanyong Zhang , Xiaoyan Hu , Ting Cao

Tangled code changes, commits that conflate unrelated modifications such as bug fixes, refactorings, and enhancements, introduce significant noise into bug datasets and adversely affect the performance of bug prediction models. Addressing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Md Nahidul Islam Opu , Shaowei Wang , Shaiful Chowdhury

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for complex tasks that require multiple generation calls, advanced prompting techniques, control flow, and structured inputs/outputs. However, efficient systems are lacking for programming…

Speculative decoding (SD) has emerged as a widely used paradigm to accelerate LLM inference without compromising quality. It works by first employing a compact model to draft multiple tokens efficiently and then using the target LLM to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Heming Xia , Yongqi Li , Jun Zhang , Cunxiao Du , Wenjie Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate their reasoning ability through chain-of-thought (CoT) generation. However, LLM's autoregressive decoding may limit the ability to revisit and refine earlier tokens in a holistic manner, which can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Haoqiang Kang , Yizhe Zhang , Nikki Lijing Kuang , Nicklas Majamaki , Navdeep Jaitly , Yi-An Ma , Lianhui Qin

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems using large language models (LLMs) often generate inaccurate responses due to the retrieval of irrelevant or loosely related information. Existing methods, which operate at the document level,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Ishneet Sukhvinder Singh , Ritvik Aggarwal , Ibrahim Allahverdiyev , Muhammad Taha , Aslihan Akalin , Kevin Zhu , Sean O'Brien

Efficient inference of LLMs remains a crucial challenge, with two main phases: a compute-intensive prompt computation and a memory-intensive token generation. Despite existing batching and scheduling techniques, token generation phases fail…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Asad Aali , Adney Cardoza , Melissa Capo

Chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning improves large language models (LLMs) on difficult tasks, but it also makes inference expensive because every intermediate step must be generated as a discrete token. Latent reasoning reduces visible token…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Xuan Li , Yining Wang , Yuchen Liu , Guanjun Liu , Delai Qiu , Shengping Liu , Jiaen Liang , Wei Huang , Jun Yu , Junnan Zhu

Mixture of Experts (MoE), with its distinctive sparse structure, enables the scaling of language models up to trillions of parameters without significantly increasing computational costs. However, the substantial parameter size presents a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Zhiyuan Fang , Yuegui Huang , Zicong Hong , Yufeng Lyu , Wuhui Chen , Yue Yu , Fan Yu , Zibin Zheng

Accelerating large language model (LLM) inference is critical for real-world deployments requiring high throughput and low latency. Contextual sparsity, where each token dynamically activates only a small subset of the model parameters,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Susav Shrestha , Brad Settlemyer , Nikoli Dryden , Narasimha Reddy

The recent surge of open-source large language models (LLMs) enables developers to create AI-based solutions while maintaining control over aspects such as privacy and compliance, thereby providing governance and ownership of the model…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Matias Martinez

Large Language Models (LLMs) have the unique capability to understand and generate human-like text from input queries. When fine-tuned, these models show enhanced performance on domain-specific queries. OpenAI highlights the process of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Scott Barnett , Zac Brannelly , Stefanus Kurniawan , Sheng Wong

The remarkable success of Chain-of-Thought (CoT), which enhances performance by scaling generation steps at test-time, inspires us to ask: can we leverage a similar scaling of computational steps during pretraining to improve the generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Boyi Zeng , He Li , Shixiang Song , Yixuan Wang , Zitong Wang , Ziwei He , Xinbing Wang , Zhouhan Lin

Large Language Models (LLMs), such as GPT, have revolutionized artificial intelligence by enabling nuanced understanding and generation of human-like text across a wide range of applications. However, the high computational and financial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Sajal Regmi , Chetan Phakami Pun
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