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Browser agents enable autonomous web interaction but face critical reliability and security challenges in production. This paper presents findings from building and operating a production browser agent. The analysis examines where current…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Aram Vardanyan

To protect users from data breaches and phishing attacks, service providers typically implement two-factor authentication (2FA) to add an extra layer of security against suspicious login attempts. However, since 2FA can sometimes hinder…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Zhi Wang , Xin Yang , Du Chen , Han Gao , Meiqi Tian , Yan Jia , Wanpeng Li

Securing browsers in mobile devices is very challenging, because these browser apps usually provide browsing services to other apps in the same device. A malicious app installed in a device can potentially obtain sensitive information…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-09-02 Daoyuan Wu , Rocky K. C. Chang

Passwords are undoubtedly the most dominant user authentication mechanism on the web today. Although they are inexpensive and easy-to-use, security concerns of password-based authentication are serious. Phishing and theft of password…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-04-24 Klaudia Krawiecka , Arseny Kurnikov , Andrew Paverd , Mohammad Mannan , N. Asokan

Security Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) are crucial for ensuring software security. However, their misuse introduces vulnerabilities, potentially leading to severe data breaches and substantial financial loss. Complex API design,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Zahra Mousavi , Chadni Islam , M. Ali Babar , Alsharif Abuadbba , Kristen Moore

Discovering vulnerabilities in applications of real-world complexity is a daunting task: a vulnerability may affect a single line of code, and yet it compromises the security of the entire application. Even worse, vulnerabilities may…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-12-10 Gabriele Costa , Andrea Valenza

Context: Security Vulnerabilities (SVs) pose many serious threats to software systems. Developers usually seek solutions to addressing these SVs on developer Question and Answer (Q&A) websites. However, there is still little known about…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-09-10 Triet H. M. Le , Roland Croft , David Hin , M. Ali Babar

HTML5-based mobile apps become more and more popular, mostly because they are much easier to be ported across different mobile platforms than native apps. HTML5-based apps are implemented using the standard web technologies, including…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-10-29 Xing Jin , Tongbo Luo , Derek G. Tsui , Wenliang Du

Spring security is tremendously popular among practitioners for its ease of use to secure enterprise applications. In this paper, we study the application framework misconfiguration vulnerabilities in the light of Spring security, which is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-29 Mazharul Islam , Sazzadur Rahaman , Na Meng , Behnaz Hassanshahi , Padmanabhan Krishnan , Danfeng , Yao

Webextensions can improve web browser privacy, security, and user experience. The APIs offered by the browser to webextensions affect possible functionality. Currently, Chrome transitions to a modified set of APIs called Manifest v3. This…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Libor Polčák , Giorgio Maone , Michael McMahon , Martin Bednář

The widespread usage of password authentication in online websites leads to an ever-increasing concern, especially when considering the possibility for an attacker to recover the user password by leveraging the loopholes in the password…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-04-25 Simone Raponi , Roberto Di Pietro

Cross-site scripting (XSS) is one of the major threats menacing the privacy of data and the navigation of trusted web applications. Since its reveal in late 1999 by Microsoft security engineers, several techniques have been developed in the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Abdelhakim Hannousse , Salima Yahiouche , Mohamed Cherif Nait-Hamoud

One of the most significant challenges in the field of software code auditing is the presence of vulnerabilities in software source code. Every year, more and more software flaws are discovered, either internally in proprietary code or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Mst Shapna Akter , Hossain Shahriar , Juan Rodriguez Cardenas , Sheikh Iqbal Ahamed , Alfredo Cuzzocrea

Spreadsheets are used to develop application software that is distributed to users. Unfortunately, the users often have the ability to change the programming statements ("source code") of the spreadsheet application. This causes a host of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Thomas A. Grossman

Defects in requirements specifications can have severe consequences during the software development lifecycle. Some of them may result in poor product quality and/or time and budget overruns due to incorrect or missing quality…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-09-09 Hugo Villamizar , Marcos Kalinowski , Alessandro Garcia , Daniel Mendez Fernández

In the standard web browser programming model, third-party scripts included in an application execute with the same privilege as the application's own code. This leaves the application's confidential data vulnerable to theft and leakage by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Abhishek Bichhawat , Vineet Rajani , Jinank Jain , Deepak Garg , Christian Hammer

Application programming interfaces (APIs) have become a central part of the modern IT environment, allowing developers to enrich the functionality of applications and interact with third parties such as cloud and payment providers. This…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Nurullah Demir , Yash Vekaria , Georgios Smaragdakis , Zakir Durumeric

It is important to design browser security and privacy alerts so as to maximise their value to the end user, and their efficacy in terms of communicating risk. We derived a list of design guidelines from the research literature by carrying…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-06-15 Lynsay A. Shepherd , Karen Renaud

The web is used daily by billions. Even so, users are not protected from many threats by default. This position paper builds on previous web privacy and security research and introduces JShelter, a webextension that fights to return the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-08 Libor Polčák , Marek Saloň , Giorgio Maone , Radek Hranický , Michael McMahon

Web browsers provide the security foundation for our online experiences. Significant research has been done into the security of browsers themselves, but relatively little investigation has been done into how they interact with the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Dolière Francis Somé , Moaz Airan , Zakir Durumeric , Cristian-Alexandru Staicu