Related papers: Conservation of Helium while Maintaining High Syst…
It is commonplace in helium cryogenic systems to utilize vacuum insulation to mitigate convective heat transfer to the low temperature fluids. While the insulating vacuum meaningfully improves cryogenic system thermal performance, failure…
Helium has the lowest boiling point of any element in nature at normal atmospheric pressure. Therefore, any unwanted substance like impurities present in liquid helium will be frozen and will be in solid form. Even if these solid impurities…
Materials used to study nuclear fusion can retain atmospheric helium unless pretreated before an experiment. Understanding helium outgassing is important for accurate diagnostics in experiments surrounding nuclear fusion. The presence of…
Helium Purification System is an important sub-system in the Accelerator Driven Subcritical System of the Institute of High Energy Physics(IHEP ADS). The purifier is designed to work at the temperature of 77K. The purifier will work in a…
We describe a helium source cell for use in cryogenic experiments that is hermetically sealed $in$ $situ$ on the cold plate of a cryostat. The source cell is filled with helium gas at room temperature and subsequently sealed using a cold…
Liquid Helium is used widely, from hospitals to characterization of materials at low temperatures. Many experiments at low temperatures require liquid Helium, particularly when vibration isolation precludes the use of cryocoolers and when…
The understanding of complex and/or large vacuum systems operating at cryogenic temperatures requires a specific knowledge of the vacuum science at such temperatures. At room temperature, molecules with a low binding energy to a surface are…
One of the main functions of the LHC beam loss measurement system is the protection of equipment against damage caused by impacting particles creating secondary showers and their energy dissipation in the matter. Reliability requirements…
The growing demand for sustainable cryogenic operations at Fermilab has underscored the need to improve helium management, particularly at the Industrial Building 3A (IB3A) test facility. IB3A characterizes and tests superconductors,…
We present the design of a helium liquefaction system tailored to efficiently recover helium vapor from either an individual or a small cluster of vibration-sensitive cryogenic instruments. This design prioritizes a compact footprint,…
Cleaning pollution from a heterogeneous flow environment is far from simple. We consider the flow capture problem, which has flows and sinks in a heterogeneous environment, and investigate the problem of positioning pollutant capture units.…
The MuCap experiment is a high-precision measurement of the rate for the basic electroweak process of muon capture, mu- + p -> n + nu . The experimental approach is based on an active target consisting of a time projection chamber (TPC)…
We have investigated the adsorption and desorption of helium near its liquid-vapor critical point in silica aerogels with porosities between 95% and 98%. We used a capacitive measurement technique which allowed us to probe the helium…
We present a numerical method to compute an optimal maintenance date for the test case of the heated hold-up tank. The system consists of a tank containing a fluid whose level is controlled by three components: two inlet pumps and one…
We consider the problem of hydrogen storage integration in microgrids to improve the electricity supply resilience. Nonlinear effects from electrochemical models of electrolyzers and fuel cells for hydrogen storage are considered, making…
Collimation systems in particle accelerators are designed to dispose of unavoidable losses safely and efficiently during beam operation. Different roles are required for different types of accelerator. The present state of the art in beam…
The Latent heat storage technology is being used worldwide to bridge the gap between supply and demand of energy. The material store energy during the charging process (melting) and releases energy during the discharging process…
We present a novel technique to solve the problem of managing optimally a pumped hydroelectric storage system. This technique relies on representing the system as a stochastic optimal control problem with state constraints, these latter…
Petabytes of data are to be processed and stored requiring millions of CPU-years in high energy particle (HEP) physics event simulation. This enormous demand is handled in worldwide distributed computing centers as part of the LHC computing…
Equilibrium properties of hydrogen-helium mixtures under conditions similar to the interior of giant gas planets are studied by means of first principle density functional molecular dynamics simulations. We investigate the molecular and…