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Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) aims to provide transparent insights into machine learning models, yet the reliability of many feature attribution methods remains a critical challenge. Prior research (Haufe et al., 2014; Wilming…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Benedict Clark , Stoyan Karastoyanov , Rick Wilming , Stefan Haufe

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) provides tools to help understanding how the machine learning models work and reach a specific outcome. It helps to increase the interpretability of models and makes the models more trustworthy and…

The increasing complexity of AI systems has led to the growth of the field of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI), which aims to provide explanations and justifications for the outputs of AI algorithms. While there is considerable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Maryam Hashemi , Ali Darejeh , Francisco Cruz

Explainable AI (XAI) methods are commonly evaluated with functional metrics such as correctness, which computationally estimate how accurately an explanation reflects the model's reasoning. Higher correctness is assumed to produce better…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Gregor Baer , Chao Zhang , Isel Grau , Pieter Van Gorp

Explaining the predictions of opaque machine learning algorithms is an important and challenging task, especially as complex models are increasingly used to assist in high-stakes decisions such as those arising in healthcare and finance.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-29 David S. Watson

Explainable AI (XAI) has a counterpart in analytical modeling which we refer to as model explainability. We tackle the issue of model explainability in the context of prediction models. We analyze a dataset of loans from a credit card…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Donald Kridel , Jacob Dineen , Daniel Dolk , David Castillo

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) methods help to understand the internal mechanism of machine learning models and how they reach a specific decision or made a specific action. The list of informative features is one of the most…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Ahmed M Salih

In this paper I argue that the search for explainable models and interpretable decisions in AI must be reformulated in terms of the broader project of offering a pragmatic and naturalistic account of understanding in AI. Intuitively, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-06-23 Andrés Páez

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has emerged as a pillar of Trustworthy AI and aims to bring transparency in complex models that are opaque by nature. Despite the benefits of incorporating explanations in models, an urgent need is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Sonal Allana , Mohan Kankanhalli , Rozita Dara

Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) aims to develop transparent explanatory approaches for "black-box" deep learning models. However,it remains difficult for existing methods to achieve the trade-off of the three key criteria in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Changqi Sun , Hao Xu , Yuntian Chen , Dongxiao Zhang

The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) models in real-world and high-risk applications has intensified the discussion about their trustworthiness and ethical usage, from both a technical and a legislative perspective. The field of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Ilaria Vascotto , Alex Rodriguez , Alessandro Bonaita , Luca Bortolussi

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) addresses the growing need for transparency and interpretability in AI systems, enabling trust and accountability in decision-making processes. This book offers a comprehensive guide to XAI,…

Explainability of a classification model is crucial when deployed in real-world decision support systems. Explanations make predictions actionable to the user and should inform about the capabilities and limitations of the system. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Erwin Walraven , Ajaya Adhikari , Cor J. Veenman

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI), i.e., the development of more transparent and interpretable AI models, has gained increased traction over the last few years. This is due to the fact that, in conjunction with their growth into…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-14 Erika Puiutta , Eric MSP Veith

As artificial intelligence systems become integral across domains, the demand for explainability grows, the called eXplainable artificial intelligence (XAI). Existing efforts primarily focus on generating and evaluating explanations for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Iván Sevillano-García , Julián Luengo , Francisco Herrera

The development of machine learning applications has increased significantly in recent years, motivated by the remarkable ability of learning-powered systems to discover and generalize intricate patterns hidden in massive datasets. Modern…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Evandro S. Ortigossa , Fábio F. Dias , Brian Barr , Claudio T. Silva , Luis Gustavo Nonato

In this paper, we argue for a paradigm shift from the current model of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI), which may be counter-productive to better human decision making. In early decision support systems, we assumed that we could…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Tim Miller

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has re-emerged in response to the development of modern AI and ML systems. These systems are complex and sometimes biased, but they nevertheless make decisions that impact our lives. XAI systems are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-02-10 Shane T. Mueller , Elizabeth S. Veinott , Robert R. Hoffman , Gary Klein , Lamia Alam , Tauseef Mamun , William J. Clancey

In recent years, Explainable AI (xAI) attracted a lot of attention as various countries turned explanations into a legal right. xAI allows for improving models beyond the accuracy metric by, e.g., debugging the learned pattern and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-10-05 Mohamed Karim Belaid , Eyke Hüllermeier , Maximilian Rabus , Ralf Krestel

The current literature on AI-advised decision making -- involving explainable AI systems advising human decision makers -- presents a series of inconclusive and confounding results. To synthesize these findings, we propose a simple theory…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Raymond Fok , Daniel S. Weld
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