Related papers: Nonstandard proof methods in toposes

This paper introduces a new family of models of intensional Martin-L\"of type theory. We use constructive ordered algebra in toposes. Identity types in the models are given by a notion of Moore path. By considering a particular gros topos,…

Topoi are categories which have enough structure to interpret higher order logic. They admit two notions of morphism: logical morphisms which preserve all of the structure and therefore the interpretation of higher order logic, and…

The intuitive notion of evidence has both semantic and syntactic features. In this paper, we develop an {\em evidence logic} for epistemic agents faced with possibly contradictory evidence from different sources. The logic is based on a…

Word embeddings are ubiquitous in NLP and information retrieval, but it is unclear what they represent when the word is polysemous. Here it is shown that multiple word senses reside in linear superposition within the word embedding and…

We give a classification theorem of certain geometric objects, called torsors over the sheaf of K-theory spaces, in terms of Tate vector bundles. This allows us to present a very natural and simple, alternative approach to the Tate central…

A system of nested dichotomies is a method of decomposing a multi-class problem into a collection of binary problems. Such a system recursively splits the set of classes into two subsets, and trains a binary classifier to distinguish…

By presenting the proofs of a few sample results, we introduce the reader to the use of nonstandard analysis in aspects of combinatorics of numbers.

The celebrated Takens' embedding theorem concerns embedding an attractor of a dynamical system in a Euclidean space of appropriate dimension through a generic delay-observation map. The embedding also establishes a topological conjugacy. In…

We introduce the E-measure: a measure-like generalization of the E-value to a class of hypotheses. Unlike classical measures, E-measures are closed under infimums instead of addition. They arise from a compatibility axiom with logical…

This paper proposes a method to use deep neural networks as end-to-end open-set classifiers. It is based on intra-class data splitting. In open-set recognition, only samples from a limited number of known classes are available for training.…

In nonstandard analysis, Fehrele's principle is a beautiful criterion for a set to be internal, stating that every galactic halic set is internal. In this note, we use this principle to prove some well-known results in topology, including…

This is a Research and Instructional Development Project from the U. S. Naval Academy. In this monograph, the basic methods of nonstandard analysis for n-dimensional Euclidean spaces are presented. Specific rules are deveoped and these…

Change detection process has recently progressed from a post-classification method to an expert knowledge interpretation process of the time-series data. The technique finds applications mainly in remote sensing images and can be utilized…

Model robustness to bias is often determined by the generalization on carefully designed out-of-distribution datasets. Recent debiasing methods in natural language understanding (NLU) improve performance on such datasets by pressuring…

We construct the non-standard complex (and real) numbers using the ultrapower method in the spirit of Cauchy's construction of the real numbers. We show that the non-standard complex numbers are a non-archimedean, algebraically closed…

We introduce and study a new family of extensions for the Borsuk-Ulam and topological Radon type theorems. The defining idea for this new family is to replace requirements of the form `a subset that is large in some sense goes to a…

This paper investigates the consensus problem in almost sure sense for uncertain multi-agent systems with noises and fixed topology. By combining the tools of stochastic analysis, algebraic graph theory, and matrix theory, we analyze the…

This paper is motivated by recent developments of higher gauge theory. Different from its style of using higher category theory, we try to describe the concept of higher parallel transport within setting of classical principal bundle…

We learn mathematics subjectively and must apply it objectively. But sometimes, we apply it subjectively by using wrong intuitions which may be elusive to our eyes. The aim of this note is to disclose the secretes of two kinds of these…

We consider the method of alternating projections for finding a point in the intersection of two closed sets, possibly nonconvex. Assuming only the standard transversality condition (or a weaker version thereof), we prove local linear…