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This paper introduces a new asynchronous Byzantine-tolerant asset transfer system (cryptocurrency) with three noteworthy properties: quasi-anonymity, lightness, and consensus-freedom. Quasi-anonymity means no information is leaked regarding…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Timothé Albouy , Emmanuelle Anceaume , Davide Frey , Mathieu Gestin , Arthur Rauch , Michel Raynal , François Taïani

Quantum Byzantine Agreement (QBA), a cornerstone of quantum blockchain, offers inherent advantages in security and fault tolerance over classical protocols, guaranteed by the laws of quantum mechanics. However, existing multiparty QBA…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-13 Chen-Xun Weng , Ming-Yang Li , Shi-Gen Li , Mengya Zhu , Xiao-Ran Sun , Hua-Lei Yin , Zeng-Bing Chen

The security foundation of blockchain system relies primarily on classical cryptographic methods and consensus algorithms. However, the advent of quantum computing poses a significant threat to conventional public-key cryptosystems based on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Fei Xu , Cheng Ye , Jie OuYang , Ziqiang Wu , Haoze Chen , An Hua , Meifeng Gao , Qiandong Zhang , Minghan Li , Feilong Li , Yajun Miao , Wei Qi

In this paper we propose Aleph, a leaderless, fully asynchronous, Byzantine fault tolerant consensus protocol for ordering messages exchanged among processes. It is based on a distributed construction of a partially ordered set and the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-08-30 Adam Gągol , Michał Świętek

Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) is a seminal state machine replication protocol that achieves a performance comparable to non-replicated systems in realistic environments. A reason for such high performance is the set of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-07-26 Christian Berger , Hans P. Reiser , Alysson Bessani

The problem of Byzantine consensus has been key to designing secure distributed systems. However, it is particularly difficult, mainly due to the presence of Byzantine processes that act arbitrarily and the unknown message delays in general…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-04-20 Alejandro Ranchal-Pedrosa , Vincent Gramoli

In this paper, we present a Byzantine fault tolerant distributed commit protocol for transactions running over untrusted networks. The traditional two-phase commit protocol is enhanced by replicating the coordinator and by running a…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Wenbing Zhao

We introduce Zef, the first Byzantine-Fault Tolerant (BFT) protocol to support payments in anonymous digital coins at arbitrary scale. Zef follows the communication and security model of FastPay: both protocols are asynchronous,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-10 Mathieu Baudet , Alberto Sonnino , Mahimna Kelkar , George Danezis

This paper introduces a new way to incorporate verifiable secret sharing (VSS) schemes into Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT) protocols. This technique extends the threshold guarantee of classical Byzantine Fault Tolerant algorithms to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-12-27 Soumya Basu , Alin Tomescu , Ittai Abraham , Dahlia Malkhi , Michael K. Reiter , Emin Gün Sirer

Blockchain technology has advanced rapidly in recent years and is now widely used in a variety of fields. Blockchain appears to be one of the best solutions for managing massive heterogeneous devices while achieving advanced data security…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Xu Yuan , Fang Luo , Muhammad Zeeshan Haider , Zhikui Chen , Yucheng Li

Cryptocurrencies, based on and led by Bitcoin, have shown promise as infrastructure for pseudonymous online payments, cheap remittance, trustless digital asset exchange, and smart contracts. However, Bitcoin-derived blockchain protocols…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-11-12 Ittay Eyal , Adem Efe Gencer , Emin Gun Sirer , Robbert van Renesse

Most methods for Byzantine fault tolerance (BFT) in the partial synchrony setting divide the local state of the nodes into views, and the transition from one view to the next dictates a leader change. In order to provide liveness, all…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-02-07 Oded Naor , Mathieu Baudet , Dahlia Malkhi , Alexander Spiegelman

We present a solution to consensus on a torus with Byzantine faults. Any solution to classic consensus that is tolerant to $f$ Byzantine faults requires $2f+1$ node-disjoint paths. Due to limited torus connectivity, this bound necessitates…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Joseph Oglio , Kendric Hood , Gokarna Sharma , Mikhail Nesterenko

Byzantine-fault-tolerant (BFT) protocols underlie a variety of decentralized applications including payments, auctions, data feed oracles, and decentralized social networks\cite{chainlink,lens}. In most leader-based BFT protocols, an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Bowen Xue , Soubhik Deb , Sreeram Kannan

This paper introduces Nemo-Nemo, a practical crash-fault tolerant (CFT) consensus protocol designed to outperform existing protocols in wide-area networks by bridging design principles from the CFT and Byzantine-fault tolerant (BFT) worlds.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Rithwik Kerur , Pasindu Tennage , Philipp Jovanovic , Dahlia Malkhi , Alberto Sonnino , Igor Zablotchi

In this paper, we present a new BFT consensus mechanism which enables thousands of nodes to participate in the consensus process, and supports very high transaction throughput. This is achieved via an aggregated signature gossip protocol…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-11-13 Jieyi Long , Ribao Wei

With the growing commercial interest in blockchain, permissioned implementations have received increasing attention. Unfortunately, existing BFT consensus protocols that are the backbone of permissioned blockchains, either scale poorly or…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-03-24 Ray Neiheiser , Miguel Matos , Luís Rodrigues

Byzantine Fault-Tolerant (BFT) consensus protocols ensure agreement on transaction ordering despite malicious actors, but unconstrained ordering power enables sophisticated value extraction attacks like front running and sandwich attacks -…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Pengkun Ren , Hai Dong , Nasrin Sohrabi , Zahir Tari , Pengcheng Zhang

With the emergence of large-scale decentralized applications, a scalable and efficient Byzantine Fault Tolerant (BFT) protocol of hundreds of replicas is desirable. Although the throughput of existing leader-based BFT protocols has reached…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Kexin Hu , Kaiwen Guo , Qiang Tang , Zhenfeng Zhang , Hao Cheng , Zhiyang Zhao

Sharding enhances blockchain scalability by dividing the network into shards, each managing specific unspent transaction outputs or accounts. As an introduced new transaction type, cross-shard transactions pose a critical challenge to the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Yizhong Liu , Andi Liu , Yuan Lu , Zhuocheng Pan , Yinuo Li , Jianwei Liu , Song Bian , Mauro Conti