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All interesting and fascinating collective properties of a complex system arise from the intricate way in which its components interact. Various systems in physics, biology, social sciences and engineering have been successfully modelled as…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2021-04-23 L. V. Gambuzza , F. Di Patti , L. Gallo , S. Lepri , M. Romance , R. Criado , M. Frasca , V. Latora , S. Boccaletti

Many real-world tasks require agents to coordinate their behavior to achieve shared goals. Successful collaboration requires not only adopting the same communicative conventions, but also grounding these conventions in the same…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-02 William P. McCarthy , Robert D. Hawkins , Haoliang Wang , Cameron Holdaway , Judith E. Fan

The effectiveness of human-robot interaction often hinges on the ability to cultivate engagement - a dynamic process of cognitive involvement that supports meaningful exchanges. Many existing definitions and models of engagement are either…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Dominykas Strazdas , Magnus Jung , Jan Marquenie , Ingo Siegert , Ayoub Al-Hamadi

Cooperation is a ubiquitous phenomenon in many natural, social, and engineered systems with multiple agents. Understanding the formation of cooperation in mixed traffic is of theoretical interest in its own right, and could also benefit the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-02-26 Di Chen , Jia Li , H. Michael Zhang

We analyze networked heterogeneous nonlinear systems, with diffusive coupling and interconnected over a generic static directed graph. Due to the network's hetereogeneity, complete synchronization is impossible, in general, but an emergent…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-06-01 Mohamed Maghenem , Elena Panteley , Antonio Loria

Collective human movement is a hallmark of complex systems, exhibiting emergent order across diverse settings, from pedestrian flows to biological collectives. In high-speed scenarios, alignment interactions ensure efficient flow and…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-06-03 Debasish Sarker , Yi Zhang , Lynn K. Perry , Daniel S. Messinger , Chaoming Song

Synchronization, in which individual dynamical units keep in pace with each other in a decentralized fashion, depends both on the dynamical units and on the properties of the interaction network. Yet, the role played by the network has…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2010-06-15 Takashi Nishikawa , Adilson E. Motter

In many settings, people exhibit behavior that is inconsistent across time --- we allocate a block of time to get work done and then procrastinate, or put effort into a project and then later fail to complete it. An active line of research…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2014-05-07 Jon Kleinberg , Sigal Oren

Human movement has been studied for decades and dynamic laws of motion that are common to all humans have been derived. Yet, every individual moves differently from everyone else (faster/slower, harder/smoother etc). We propose here an…

We study the emergence of cooperative behaviors in reinforcement learning agents by introducing a challenging competitive multi-agent soccer environment with continuous simulated physics. We demonstrate that decentralized, population-based…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-21 Siqi Liu , Guy Lever , Josh Merel , Saran Tunyasuvunakool , Nicolas Heess , Thore Graepel

This research investigates the impact of dynamic, time-varying interactions on cooperative behaviour in social dilemmas. Traditional research has focused on deterministic rules governing pairwise interactions, yet the impact of interaction…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-08-20 Yujie He , Tianyu Ren , Xiao-Jun Zeng , Huawen Liang , Liukai Yu , Junjun Zheng

We present a modeling framework for dynamical and bursty contact networks made of agents in social interaction. We consider agents' behavior at short time scales, in which the contact network is formed by disconnected cliques of different…

Physics and Society · Physics 2010-03-09 Juliette Stehle , Alain Barrat , Ginestra Bianconi

We argue that the coordination of the activities of individual complex agents enables a system to develop and sustain complexity at a higher level. We exemplify relevant mechanisms through computer simulations of a toy system, a coupled map…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2007-05-23 Fatihcan M. Atay , Jürgen Jost

The real world is awash with multi-agent problems that require collective action by self-interested agents, from the routing of packets across a computer network to the management of irrigation systems. Such systems have local incentives…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Michiel A. Bakker , Richard Everett , Laura Weidinger , Iason Gabriel , William S. Isaac , Joel Z. Leibo , Edward Hughes

In a complex system, the interactions between individual agents often lead to emergent collective behavior like spontaneous synchronization, swarming, and pattern formation. The topology of the network of interactions can have a dramatic…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2022-07-25 Mark J Panaggio , Maria-Veronica Ciocanel , Lauren Lazarus , Chad M Topaz , Bin Xu

Deep reinforcement learning algorithms have recently been used to train multiple interacting agents in a centralised manner whilst keeping their execution decentralised. When the agents can only acquire partial observations and are faced…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-27 Emanuele Pesce , Giovanni Montana

The paper addresses the synchronization of multi-agent systems with continuous-time dynamics interacting through a very general class of monotonic continuous signal functions that covers estimation biases, approximation of discrete…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-14 Anthony Couthures , Vineeth S. Varma , Samson Lasaulce , Irinel-Constantin Morarescu

The measurement of human behavior remains a central challenge across the behavioral sciences. Traditional approaches typically rely on passive observation of responses collected under static or weakly controlled conditions, limiting the…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-31 Pietro Cipresso

Individuals interact and cooperate in structured systems. Many studies represent this structure using static networks, where each link represents a permanent connection between two nodes. However, real interactions are generally not…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-12-23 Xiaochen Wang , Lei Zhou , Alex McAvoy , Zhenglong Tian , Aming Li

Modeling human dynamics responsible for the formation and evolution of the so-called social networks - structures comprised of individuals or organizations and indicating connectivities existing in a community - is a topic recently…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Victor V. Kryssanov , Frank J. Rinaldo , Evgeny L. Kuleshov , Hitoshi Ogawa