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Knowledge-enhanced Pre-trained Language Model (PLM) has recently received significant attention, which aims to incorporate factual knowledge into PLMs. However, most existing methods modify the internal structures of fixed types of PLMs by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Jianing Wang , Wenkang Huang , Qiuhui Shi , Hongbin Wang , Minghui Qiu , Xiang Li , Ming Gao

The increasing demand for intelligent systems capable of interpreting and reasoning about visual content requires the development of large Vision-and-Language Models (VLMs) that are not only accurate but also have explicit reasoning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Kohei Uehara , Nabarun Goswami , Hanqin Wang , Toshiaki Baba , Kohtaro Tanaka , Tomohiro Hashimoto , Kai Wang , Rei Ito , Takagi Naoya , Ryo Umagami , Yingyi Wen , Tanachai Anakewat , Tatsuya Harada

Having revolutionized natural language processing (NLP) applications, large language models (LLMs) are expanding into the realm of multimodal inputs. Owing to their ability to interpret images, multimodal LLMs (MLLMs) have been primarily…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Jusung Lee , Sungguk Cha , Younghyun Lee , Cheoljong Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved impressive results in knowledge-based Visual Question Answering (VQA). However existing methods still have challenges: the inability to use external tools autonomously, and the inability to work in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Zhongjian Hu , Peng Yang , Bing Li , Zhenqi Wang

Within the multimodal field, large vision-language models (LVLMs) have made significant progress due to their strong perception and reasoning capabilities in the visual and language systems. However, LVLMs are still plagued by the two…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Sirui Cheng , Siyu Zhang , Jiayi Wu , Muchen Lan

Knowledge-based visual question answering (KVQA) has been extensively studied to answer visual questions with external knowledge, e.g., knowledge graphs (KGs). While several attempts have been proposed to leverage large language models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Junnan Dong , Qinggang Zhang , Huachi Zhou , Daochen Zha , Pai Zheng , Xiao Huang

Answering open-domain questions requires world knowledge about in-context entities. As pre-trained Language Models (LMs) lack the power to store all required knowledge, external knowledge sources, such as knowledge graphs, are often used to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-16 Ziniu Hu , Yichong Xu , Wenhao Yu , Shuohang Wang , Ziyi Yang , Chenguang Zhu , Kai-Wei Chang , Yizhou Sun

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) with large language models (LLMs) plays a crucial role in question answering, as LLMs possess limited knowledge and are not updated with continuously growing information. Most recent work on RAG has…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Shichao Kan , Yuhai Deng , Jiale Fu , Lihui Cen , Zhe Qu , Linna Zhang , Yixiong Liang , Yigang Cen

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved state-of-the-art results in many natural language processing tasks. They have also demonstrated ability to adapt well to different tasks through zero-shot or few-shot settings. With the capability…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Alvin De Jun Tan , Bingquan Shen

Integrating outside knowledge for reasoning in visio-linguistic tasks such as visual question answering (VQA) is an open problem. Given that pretrained language models have been shown to include world knowledge, we propose to use a unimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-14 Ander Salaberria , Gorka Azkune , Oier Lopez de Lacalle , Aitor Soroa , Eneko Agirre

In recent years, multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have made significant strides by training on vast high-quality image-text datasets, enabling them to generally understand images well. However, the inherent difficulty in explicitly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Yuanze Lin , Yunsheng Li , Dongdong Chen , Weijian Xu , Ronald Clark , Philip Torr , Lu Yuan

Knowledge-based Visual Question Answering (KB-VQA) requires models to answer questions by integrating visual information with external knowledge. However, retrieved knowledge is often noisy, partially irrelevant, or misaligned with the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Xianwei Mao , Kai Ye , Sheng Zhou , Nan Zhang , Haikuan Huang , Bin Li , Jiajun Bu

Knowledge-based Visual Question Answering (KVQA) tasks require answering questions about images using extensive background knowledge. Despite significant advancements, generative models often struggle with these tasks due to the limited…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Yibin Yan , Weidi Xie

Zero-shot Visual Question Answering (VQA) is a prominent vision-language task that examines both the visual and textual understanding capability of systems in the absence of training data. Recently, by converting the images into captions,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Yunshi Lan , Xiang Li , Xin Liu , Yang Li , Wei Qin , Weining Qian

We revisit knowledge-aware text-based visual question answering, also known as Text-KVQA, in the light of modern advancements in large multimodal models (LMMs), and make the following contributions: (i) We propose VisTEL - a principled…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Abhirama Subramanyam Penamakuri , Anand Mishra

Visual Word Sense Disambiguation (VWSD) is a novel challenging task that lies between linguistic sense disambiguation and fine-grained multimodal retrieval. The recent advancements in the development of visiolinguistic (VL) transformers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Anastasia Kritharoula , Maria Lymperaiou , Giorgos Stamou

With the breakthrough of multi-modal large language models, answering complex visual questions that demand advanced reasoning abilities and world knowledge has become a much more important testbed for developing AI models than ever.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Haibo Wang , Weifeng Ge

Previous solutions to knowledge-based visual question answering~(K-VQA) retrieve knowledge from external knowledge bases and use supervised learning to train the K-VQA model. Recently pre-trained LLMs have been used as both a knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Rui Cao , Jing Jiang

Knowledge-Based Visual Question Answering (KB-VQA) methods focus on tasks that demand reasoning with information extending beyond the explicit content depicted in the image. Early methods relied on explicit knowledge bases to provide this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Mohammad Mahdi Moradi , Sudhir Mudur

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have endowed LLMs with the ability to perceive and understand multi-modal signals. However, most of the existing MLLMs mainly adopt vision encoders pretrained on coarsely aligned image-text pairs,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Gongwei Chen , Leyang Shen , Rui Shao , Xiang Deng , Liqiang Nie