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A large amount of work has been done in Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) for modeling and solving problems with multiple interacting agents. However, most LLMs are pretrained independently and not specifically optimized for coordination. Existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Shuo Liu , Tianle Chen , Zeyu Liang , Xueguang Lyu , Christopher Amato

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) approaches have emerged as popular solutions to address the general challenges of cooperation in multi-agent environments, where the success of achieving shared or individual goals critically…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Reza Azadeh

We consider the problem of robust multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) for cooperative communication and coordination tasks. MARL agents, mainly those trained in a centralized way, can be brittle because they can adopt policies that…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2020-12-16 T. van der Heiden , C. Salge , E. Gavves , H. van Hoof

Complex scheduling problems require a large amount computation power and innovative solution methods. The objective of this paper is the conception and implementation of a multi-agent system that is applicable in various problem domains.…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2020-04-21 Peter Hillmann , Tobias Uhlig , Gabi Dreo Rodosek , Oliver Rose

The primary focus of multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has been to study interactions among a fixed number of agents embedded in an environment. However, in the real world, the number of agents is neither fixed nor known a priori.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Shishir Sharma , Doina Precup , Theodore J. Perkins

Benchmarks play a crucial role in the development and analysis of reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms, with environment availability strongly impacting research. One particularly underexplored intersection is continual learning (CL) in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Tristan Tomilin , Luka van den Boogaard , Samuel Garcin , Bram Grooten , Meng Fang , Yali Du , Mykola Pechenizkiy

Achieving robust performance is crucial when applying deep reinforcement learning (RL) in safety critical systems. Some of the state of the art approaches try to address the problem with adversarial agents, but these agents often require…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-18 Yeeho Song , Jeff Schneider

AI Agents can perform complex operations at great speed, but just like all the humans we have ever hired, their intelligence remains fallible. Miscommunications aren't noticed, systemic biases have no counter-action, and inner monologues…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Gopal Vijayaraghavan , Prasanth Jayachandran , Arun Murthy , Sunil Govindan , Vivek Subramanian

Multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (MARL) suffers from a lack of commonly-used evaluation tasks and criteria, making comparisons between approaches difficult. In this work, we provide a systematic evaluation and comparison of three…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-10 Georgios Papoudakis , Filippos Christianos , Lukas Schäfer , Stefano V. Albrecht

Well-trained multi-agent systems can fail when deployed in real-world environments due to model mismatches between the training and deployment environments, caused by environment uncertainties including noise or adversarial attacks.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Zain Ulabedeen Farhat , Debamita Ghosh , George K. Atia , Yue Wang

Traditional approaches to training agents have generally involved a single, deterministic environment of minimal complexity to solve various tasks such as robot locomotion or computer vision. However, agents trained in static environments…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Kevin Godin-Dubois , Karine Miras , Anna V. Kononova

We study what actually works and what doesn't for training large language models as agents via multi-turn reinforcement learning. Despite rapid progress, existing frameworks and definitions are fragmented, and there is no systematic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Ruiyi Wang , Prithviraj Ammanabrolu

Multi-agent reinforcement learning is a promising research area that extends established reinforcement learning approaches to problems formulated as multi-agent systems. Recently, a multitude of communication methods have been introduced to…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Christoph Wittner

General-purpose agents perform tasks in unfamiliar environments without domain-specific manual customization. Yet no study has systematically measured how agent architecture shapes performance across heterogeneous protocols and diverse…

This paper presents a defense framework for enhancing the safety of large language model (LLM) empowered multi-agent systems (MAS) in safety-critical domains such as aerospace. We apply randomized smoothing, a statistical robustness…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Jinwei Hu , Yi Dong , Zhengtao Ding , Xiaowei Huang

Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) has gained wide attention in recent years and has made progress in various fields. Specifically, cooperative MARL focuses on training a team of agents to cooperatively achieve tasks that are…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Lei Yuan , Ziqian Zhang , Lihe Li , Cong Guan , Yang Yu

The Pommerman Team Environment is a recently proposed benchmark which involves a multi-agent domain with challenges such as partial observability, decentralized execution (without communication), and very sparse and delayed rewards. The…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2019-05-07 Chao Gao , Pablo Hernandez-Leal , Bilal Kartal , Matthew E. Taylor

The AI4GCC competition presents a bold step forward in the direction of integrating machine learning with traditional economic policy analysis. Below, we highlight two potential areas for improvement that could enhance the competition's…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-11 Marco Jiralerspong , Gauthier Gidel

Multi-agent social interaction has clearly benefited from Large Language Models. However, current simulation systems still face challenges such as difficulties in scaling to diverse scenarios and poor reusability due to a lack of modular…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-10-09 Gang Li , Jie Lin , Yining Tang , Ziteng Wang , Yirui Huang , Junyu Zhang , Shuang Luo , Chao Wu , Yike Guo

In many reinforcement learning tasks, the goal is to learn a policy to manipulate an agent, whose design is fixed, to maximize some notion of cumulative reward. The design of the agent's physical structure is rarely optimized for the task…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-03 David Ha