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Graph neural networks (GNNs) have attracted increasing interests. With broad deployments of GNNs in real-world applications, there is an urgent need for understanding the robustness of GNNs under adversarial attacks, especially in realistic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Jiaqi Ma , Junwei Deng , Qiaozhu Mei

This paper studies the vulnerability of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) to adversarial attacks on node features and graph structure. Various methods have implemented adversarial training to augment graph data, aiming to bolster the robustness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Jinluan Yang , Ruihao Zhang , Zhengyu Chen , Fei Wu , Kun Kuang

Recent years have witnessed the deployment of adversarial attacks to evaluate the robustness of Neural Networks. Past work in this field has relied on traditional optimization algorithms that ignore the inherent structure of the problem and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Florian Jaeckle , M. Pawan Kumar

Graph neural network (GNN) is a powerful tool for analyzing graph-structured data. However, their vulnerability to adversarial attacks raises serious concerns, especially when dealing with sensitive information. Local Differential Privacy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Matta Varun , Ajay Kumar Dhakar , Yuan Hong , Shamik Sural

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are widely used in many applications. However, their robustness against adversarial attacks is criticized. Prior studies show that using unnoticeable modifications on graph topology or nodal features can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-27 Xianfeng Tang , Yandong Li , Yiwei Sun , Huaxiu Yao , Prasenjit Mitra , Suhang Wang

The adversarial attack methods based on gradient information can adequately find the perturbations, that is, the combinations of rewired links, thereby reducing the effectiveness of the deep learning model based graph embedding algorithms,…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-12-22 Jinyin Chen , Yixian Chen , Haibin Zheng , Shijing Shen , Shanqing Yu , Dan Zhang , Qi Xuan

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have been successfully exploited in graph analysis tasks in many real-world applications. The competition between attack and defense methods also enhances the robustness of GNNs. In this competition, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-10 Jinyin Chen , Dunjie Zhang , Zhaoyan Ming , Kejie Huang , Wenrong Jiang , Chen Cui

End-to-end training with global optimization have popularized graph neural networks (GNNs) for node classification, yet inadvertently introduced vulnerabilities to adversarial edge-perturbing attacks. Adversaries can exploit the inherent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Ao Liu , Wenshan Li , Tao Li , Beibei Li , Guangquan Xu , Pan Zhou , Wengang Ma , Hanyuan Huang

Despite its success in the image domain, adversarial training did not (yet) stand out as an effective defense for Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) against graph structure perturbations. In the pursuit of fixing adversarial training (1) we show…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Lukas Gosch , Simon Geisler , Daniel Sturm , Bertrand Charpentier , Daniel Zügner , Stephan Günnemann

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have established themselves as a key component in addressing diverse graph-based tasks. Despite their notable successes, GNNs remain susceptible to input perturbations in the form of adversarial attacks. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Moshe Eliasof , Davide Murari , Ferdia Sherry , Carola-Bibiane Schönlieb

Recent work has shown that graph neural networks (GNNs) are vulnerable to adversarial attacks on graph data. Common attack approaches are typically informed, i.e. they have access to information about node attributes such as labels and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-29 Hussain Hussain , Tomislav Duricic , Elisabeth Lex , Denis Helic , Markus Strohmaier , Roman Kern

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved promising performance in various real-world applications. However, recent studies have shown that GNNs are vulnerable to adversarial attacks. In this paper, we study a recently-introduced realistic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-10 Xu Zou , Qinkai Zheng , Yuxiao Dong , Xinyu Guan , Evgeny Kharlamov , Jialiang Lu , Jie Tang

Deep learning on graph structures has shown exciting results in various applications. However, few attentions have been paid to the robustness of such models, in contrast to numerous research work for image or text adversarial attack and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-08 Hanjun Dai , Hui Li , Tian Tian , Xin Huang , Lin Wang , Jun Zhu , Le Song

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have achieved high performance in analyzing graph-structured data and have been widely deployed in safety-critical areas, such as finance and autonomous driving. However, only a few works have explored GNNs'…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-23 Boyuan Feng , Yuke Wang , Xu Li , Yufei Ding

One intriguing property of deep neural networks (DNNs) is their inherent vulnerability to backdoor attacks -- a trojan model responds to trigger-embedded inputs in a highly predictable manner while functioning normally otherwise. Despite…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-11 Zhaohan Xi , Ren Pang , Shouling Ji , Ting Wang

Graph convolutional networks (GCNs) have been shown to be vulnerable to small adversarial perturbations, which becomes a severe threat and largely limits their applications in security-critical scenarios. To mitigate such a threat,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Jintang Li , Jie Liao , Ruofan Wu , Liang Chen , Zibin Zheng , Jiawang Dan , Changhua Meng , Weiqiang Wang

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have boosted the performance of many graph related tasks such as node classification and graph classification. Recent researches show that graph neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-01 Yao Ma , Suhang Wang , Tyler Derr , Lingfei Wu , Jiliang Tang

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are highly vulnerable to adversarial attacks, which can greatly degrade their performance. Existing graph purification methods attempt to address this issue by filtering attacked graphs. However, they struggle…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Xin He , Wenqi Fan , Yili Wang , Chengyi Liu , Rui Miao , Xin Juan , Xin Wang

Graph Neural Networks(GNNs) are vulnerable to backdoor attacks, where adversaries implant malicious triggers to manipulate model predictions. Existing trigger generators are often simplistic in structure and overly reliant on specific…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Dongyi Liu , Jiangtong Li

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have become a pivotal framework for modeling graph-structured data, enabling a wide range of applications from social network analysis to molecular chemistry. By integrating large language models (LLMs),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Bowen Fan , Zhilin Guo , Xunkai Li , Yihan Zhou , Bing Zhou , Zhenjun Li , Rong-Hua Li , Guoren Wang