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The Transformer architecture has become a dominant choice in many domains, such as natural language processing and computer vision. Yet, it has not achieved competitive performance on popular leaderboards of graph-level prediction compared…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-25 Chengxuan Ying , Tianle Cai , Shengjie Luo , Shuxin Zheng , Guolin Ke , Di He , Yanming Shen , Tie-Yan Liu

A major hurdle in machine learning is scalability to massive datasets. One approach to overcoming this is to distribute the computational tasks among several workers. \textit{Gradient coding} has been recently proposed in distributed…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-09-16 Neophytos Charalambides , Hessam Mahdavifar , Alfred O. Hero

In natural language processing and vision, pretraining is utilized to learn effective representations. Unfortunately, the success of pretraining does not easily carry over to time series due to potential mismatch between sources and target.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Maurice Kraus , Felix Divo , David Steinmann , Devendra Singh Dhami , Kristian Kersting

Generalization performance of classifiers in deep learning has recently become a subject of intense study. Deep models, typically over-parametrized, tend to fit the training data exactly. Despite this "overfitting", they perform well on…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-06-18 Mikhail Belkin , Siyuan Ma , Soumik Mandal

A key element in transfer learning is representation learning; if representations can be developed that expose the relevant factors underlying the data, then new tasks and domains can be learned readily based on mappings of these salient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-12-18 Yujia Li , Kevin Swersky , Richard Zemel

We examine how transformers cope with two challenges: learning basic integer arithmetic, and generalizing to longer sequences than seen during training. We find that relative position embeddings enable length generalization for simple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-28 Samy Jelassi , Stéphane d'Ascoli , Carles Domingo-Enrich , Yuhuai Wu , Yuanzhi Li , François Charton

Masked Diffusion Models (MDMs) have emerged as one of the most promising paradigms for generative modeling over discrete domains. It is known that MDMs effectively train to decode tokens in a random order, and that this ordering has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Prateek Garg , Bhavya Kohli , Sunita Sarawagi

Transformer is the state-of-the-art model in recent machine translation evaluations. Two strands of research are promising to improve models of this kind: the first uses wide networks (a.k.a. Transformer-Big) and has been the de facto…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-06 Qiang Wang , Bei Li , Tong Xiao , Jingbo Zhu , Changliang Li , Derek F. Wong , Lidia S. Chao

Large scale neural models show impressive performance across a wide array of linguistic tasks. Despite this they remain, largely, black-boxes - inducing vector-representations of their input that prove difficult to interpret. This limits…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Henry Conklin , Kenny Smith

We study the problem of transfer learning and fine-tuning in linear models for both regression and binary classification. In particular, we consider the use of stochastic gradient descent (SGD) on a linear model initialized with pretrained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Reza Ghane , Danil Akhtiamov , Babak Hassibi

Sampling biases can cause distribution shifts between train and test datasets for supervised learning tasks, obscuring our ability to understand the generalization capacity of a model. This is especially important considering the wide…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Max Vargas , Adam Tsou , Andrew Engel , Tony Chiang

Communication is one of the key bottlenecks in the distributed training of large-scale machine learning models, and lossy compression of exchanged information, such as stochastic gradients or models, is one of the most effective instruments…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Egor Shulgin , Peter Richtárik

This paper investigates approximation-theoretic aspects of the in-context learning capability of the transformers in representing a family of noisy linear dynamical systems. Our first theoretical result establishes an upper bound on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Frank Cole , Yuxuan Zhao , Yulong Lu , Tianhao Zhang

Algorithmic generalization in machine learning refers to the ability to learn the underlying algorithm that generates data in a way that generalizes out-of-distribution. This is generally considered a difficult task for most machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Simon Ouellette , Rolf Pfister , Hansueli Jud

Training Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) on large graphs presents unique challenges due to the large memory and computing requirements. Distributed GNN training, where the graph is partitioned across multiple machines, is a common approach to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Juan Cervino , Md Asadullah Turja , Hesham Mostafa , Nageen Himayat , Alejandro Ribeiro

Most work on supervised learning research has focused on marginal predictions. In decision problems, joint predictive distributions are essential for good performance. Previous work has developed methods for assessing low-order predictive…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-03-01 Ian Osband , Zheng Wen , Seyed Mohammad Asghari , Vikranth Dwaracherla , Xiuyuan Lu , Benjamin Van Roy

Consider an algorithm computing in a differential field with several commuting derivations such that the only operations it performs with the elements of the field are arithmetic operations, differentiation, and zero testing. We show that,…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2021-08-31 Wei Li , Alexey Ovchinnikov , Gleb Pogudin , Thomas Scanlon

While additional training data improves the robustness of deep neural networks against adversarial examples, it presents the challenge of curating a large number of specific real-world samples. We circumvent this challenge by using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-04 Vikash Sehwag , Saeed Mahloujifar , Tinashe Handina , Sihui Dai , Chong Xiang , Mung Chiang , Prateek Mittal

Consider end-to-end training of a multi-modal vs. a single-modal network on a task with multiple input modalities: the multi-modal network receives more information, so it should match or outperform its single-modal counterpart. In our…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-06 Weiyao Wang , Du Tran , Matt Feiszli

A universal programmable discriminator can perform the discrimination between two unknown states, and the optimal solution can be approached via the discrimination between the two averages over the uniformly distributed unknown input pure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-01-07 Tao Zhou