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Scaling quantum computing to practical applications necessitates reliable quantum error correction. Although numerous correction codes have been proposed, the overall correction efficiency critically limited by the decode algorithms. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-04 Gengyuan Hu , Wanli Ouyang , Chao-Yang Lu , Chen Lin , Han-Sen Zhong

The low coding rate of quantum stabilizer codes results in formidable physical qubit overhead when realizing quantum error correcting in engineering. In this letter, we propose a new class of hypergraph-product code called…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-19 Zhengzhong Yi , Zhipeng Liang , Jiahan Chen , Zicheng Wang , Xuan Wang

Hypergraph product codes are a promising avenue to achieving fault-tolerant quantum computation with constant overhead. When embedding these and other constant-rate qLDPC codes into 2D, a significant number of nonlocal connections are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-15 Noah Berthusen , Daniel Gottesman

Quantum low-density parity-check (QLDPC) codes have been proven to achieve higher minimum distances at higher code rates than surface codes. However, this family of codes imposes stringent latency requirements and poor performance under…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Dimitris Chytas , Nithin Raveendran , Bane Vasić

The discovery of the family of balanced product codes was pivotal in the subsequent development of 'good' low density quantum error correcting codes that have optimal scaling of the key parameters of distance and storage density. We review…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-12 Heather Leitch , Alastair Kay

Low-depth parity check (LDPC) codes are a paradigm of error correction that allow for spatially non-local interactions between (qu)bits, while still enforcing that each (qu)bit interacts only with finitely many others. On expander graphs,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-25 Tibor Rakovszky , Vedika Khemani

To achieve quantum fault tolerance with lower overhead, quantum low-density parity-check (QLDPC) codes have emerged as a promising alternative to topological codes such as the surface code, offering higher code rates. To support their…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-09 Mingyu Kang , Yingjia Lin , Hanwen Yao , Mert Gökduman , Arianna Meinking , Kenneth R. Brown

Quantum error-correcting codes (QECCs) sit between noisy quantum hardware and reliable computation, so the code parameters used in practice must be trustworthy. The single number that summarizes a code's strength is its distance, yet…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Mattias Ehatamm , Yi Lee , Xiaodi Wu , Runzhou Tao

Fault tolerance in quantum protocols requires contributions from error-correcting codes and their suitable decoders. Quantum Low-Density Parity Check (QLDPC) codes are one of the most explored quantum codes that have good coding rate and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-24 Mainak Bhattacharyya , Ankur Raina

In this work, we study the minimum/stopping distance of array low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. An array LDPC code is a quasi-cyclic LDPC code specified by two integers q and m, where q is an odd prime and m <= q. In the literature,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Eirik Rosnes , Marcel A. Ambroze , Martin Tomlinson

In this work we establish lower bounds on the size of Clifford circuits that measure a family of commuting Pauli operators. Our bounds depend on the interplay between a pair of graphs: the Tanner graph of the set of measured Pauli…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-30 Nicolas Delfosse , Michael E. Beverland , Maxime A. Tremblay

One hurdle to performing reliable quantum computations is overcoming noise. One possibility is to reduce the number of particles needing to be protected from noise and instead use systems with more states, so called qudit quantum computers.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-27 Lane G. Gunderman

Utility-scale quantum computing requires quantum error correction (QEC) to protect quantum information against noise. Currently, superconducting hardware is a promising candidate for achieving fault tolerance due to its fast gate times and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-06 György P. Gehér , David Byfield , Archibald Ruban

Classical low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes are a widely deployed and well-established technology, forming the backbone of modern communication and storage systems. It is well known that, in this classical setting, increasing the girth…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-21 Kenta Kasai

Hypergraph product codes are a class of constant-rate quantum low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes equipped with a linear-time decoder called small-set-flip (SSF). This decoder displays sub-optimal performance in practice and requires very…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-21 Antoine Grospellier , Lucien Grouès , Anirudh Krishna , Anthony Leverrier

Quantum LDPC codes may provide a path to build low-overhead fault-tolerant quantum computers. However, as general LDPC codes lack geometric constraints, na\"ive layouts couple many distant qubits with crossing connections which could be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-17 Maxime A. Tremblay , Nicolas Delfosse , Michael E. Beverland

Quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes are promising for realizing scalable fault-tolerant quantum computation due to their potential for low-overhead protocols. A common approach to decoding qLDPC codes is to use the belief…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-13 Kento Tsubouchi , Hayata Yamasaki , Shiro Tamiya

Quantum error-correcting codes with asymptotically lower overheads than the surface code require nonlocal connectivity. Leveraging multilayer routing and long-range coupling capabilities in superconducting qubit hardware, we develop…

We perform an extended numerical search for practical fermion-to-qubit encodings with error correcting properties. Ideally, encodings should strike a balance between a number of the seemingly incompatible attributes, such as having a high…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-29 Fedor Simkovic , Martin Leib , Francisco Revson F. Pereira

Quantum computing requires effective error correction strategies to mitigate noise and decoherence. Quantum Low-Density Parity-Check (QLDPC) codes have emerged as a promising solution for scalable Quantum Error Correction (QEC) applications…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Ameya S. Bhave , Navnil Choudhury , Kanad Basu