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Classification imbalance arises when one class is much rarer than the other. We frame this setting as transfer learning under label (prior) shift between an imbalanced source distribution induced by the observed data and a balanced target…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-16 Eric Xia , Jason M. Klusowski

Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) is a common rebalancing strategy for handling imbalanced tabular data sets. However, few works analyze SMOTE theoretically. In this paper, we derive several non-asymptotic upper bound on…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-18 Abdoulaye Sakho , Emmanuel Malherbe , Erwan Scornet

Training a classification model on a dataset where the instances of one class outnumber those of the other class is a challenging problem. Such imbalanced datasets are standard in real-world situations such as fraud detection, medical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-04 Anubha Kabra , Ayush Chopra , Nikaash Puri , Pinkesh Badjatiya , Sukriti Verma , Piyush Gupta , Balaji K

Oversampling is one of the most widely used approaches for addressing imbalanced classification. The core idea is to generate additional minority samples to rebalance the dataset. Most existing methods, such as SMOTE, require converting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Dang Nguyen , Sunil Gupta , Kien Do , Thin Nguyen , Taylor Braund , Alexis Whitton , Svetha Venkatesh

Class imbalance problem has been a challenging research problem in the fields of machine learning and data mining as most real life datasets are imbalanced. Several existing machine learning algorithms try to maximize the accuracy…

This study investigates rare event detection on tabular data within binary classification. Standard techniques to handle class imbalance include SMOTE, which generates synthetic samples from the minority class. However, SMOTE is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Abdoulaye Sakho , Emmanuel Malherbe , Carl-Erik Gauthier , Erwan Scornet

Class imbalanced problems (CIP) are one of the potential challenges in developing unbiased Machine Learning (ML) models for predictions. CIP occurs when data samples are not equally distributed between the two or multiple classes.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Md Manjurul Ahsan , Shivakumar Raman , Zahed Siddique

Class imbalance in a dataset is a major problem for classifiers that results in poor prediction with a high true positive rate (TPR) but a low true negative rate (TNR) for a majority positive training dataset. Generally, the pre-processing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Anuraganand Sharma , Prabhat Kumar Singh , Rohitash Chandra

Classifying imbalanced datasets remains a significant challenge in machine learning, particularly with big data where instances are unevenly distributed among classes, leading to class imbalance issues that impact classifier performance.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Khaled SH. Raslan , Almohammady S. Alsharkawy , K. R. Raslan

Forums play an important role in providing a platform for community interaction. The introduction of irrelevant content or spam by individuals for commercial and social gains tends to degrade the professional experience presented to the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-09-12 Pratik Ratadiya , Rahul Moorthy

Mixup~\cite{zhang2017mixup} is a recently proposed method for training deep neural networks where additional samples are generated during training by convexly combining random pairs of images and their associated labels. While simple to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-01-08 Sunil Thulasidasan , Gopinath Chennupati , Jeff Bilmes , Tanmoy Bhattacharya , Sarah Michalak

Class imbalance refers to the significant difference in the number of samples from different classes within a dataset, making it challenging to identify minority class samples correctly. This issue is prevalent in real-world classification…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Yi-Yang Shangguan , Shi-Shun Chen , Xiao-Yang Li

Imbalanced datasets are commonly observed in various real-world applications, presenting significant challenges in training classifiers. When working with large datasets, the imbalanced issue can be further exacerbated, making it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Kwei-Herng Lai , Daochen Zha , Huiyuan Chen , Mangesh Bendre , Yuzhong Chen , Mahashweta Das , Hao Yang , Xia Hu

Highly imbalanced datasets are ubiquitous in medical image classification problems. In such problems, it is often the case that rare classes associated to less prevalent diseases are severely under-represented in labeled databases,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-15 Adrian Galdran , Gustavo Carneiro , Miguel A. González Ballester

Traditionally, in supervised machine learning, (a significant) part of the available data (usually 50% to 80%) is used for training and the rest for validation. In many problems, however, the data is highly imbalanced in regard to different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-21 Xiaowei Gu , Plamen P Angelov , Eduardo Almeida Soares

An approach to the construction of classifiers from imbalanced datasets is described. A dataset is imbalanced if the classification categories are not approximately equally represented. Often real-world data sets are predominately composed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-11-25 N. V. Chawla , K. W. Bowyer , L. O. Hall , W. P. Kegelmeyer

Hypergraphs are increasingly utilized in both unimodal and multimodal data scenarios due to their superior ability to model and extract higher-order relationships among nodes, compared to traditional graphs. However, current hypergraph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Ziming Zhao , Tiehua Zhang , Zijian Yi , Zhishu Shen

Imbalanced class distribution is a common problem in a number of fields including medical diagnostics, fraud detection, and others. It causes bias in classification algorithms leading to poor performance on the minority class data. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-23 Firuz Kamalov , Dmitry Denisov

Imbalanced classification is a well-known challenge faced by many real-world applications. This issue occurs when the distribution of the target variable is skewed, leading to a prediction bias toward the majority class. With the arrival of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Carla Vairetti , José Luis Assadi , Sebastián Maldonado

For several years till date, the major issues in terms of solving for classification problems are the issues of Imbalanced data. Because majority of the machine learning algorithms by default assumes all data are balanced, the algorithms do…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-10-12 Richmond Addo Danquah