Related papers: Embracing Sex-specific Differences in Engineered K…
A growing body of work in Ethical AI attempts to capture human moral judgments through simple computational models. The key question we address in this work is whether such simple AI models capture {the critical} nuances of moral…
Considerable efforts to measure and mitigate gender bias in recent years have led to the introduction of an abundance of tasks, datasets, and metrics used in this vein. In this position paper, we assess the current paradigm of gender bias…
Machine Learning (ML) algorithms are vital for supporting clinical decision-making in biomedical informatics. However, their predictive performance can vary across demographic groups, often due to the underrepresentation of historically…
Repeated longitudinal measurements are commonly used to model long-term disease progression, and timing and number of assessments per patient may vary, leading to irregularly spaced and sparse data. Longitudinal trajectories may exhibit…
Kidney cancer is a global health concern, and accurate assessment of patient frailty is crucial for optimizing surgical outcomes. This paper introduces AI Age Discrepancy, a novel metric derived from machine learning analysis of…
A kidney exchange program, also called a kidney paired donation program, can be viewed as a repeated, dynamic trading and allocation mechanism. This suggests that a dynamic algorithm for transplant exchange selection may have superior…
To evaluate the translational capabilities of foundation models, we develop a pathological concept learning approach focused on kidney cancer. By leveraging TNM staging guidelines and pathology reports, we build comprehensive pathological…
Sex and gender-based healthcare disparities contribute to differences in health outcomes. We focus on time to diagnosis (TTD) by conducting two large-scale, complementary analyses among men and women across 29 phenotypes and 195K patients.…
Kidney branching morphogenesis has been studied extensively, but the mechanism that defines the branch points is still elusive. Here we obtained a 2D movie of kidney branching morphogenesis in culture to test different models of branching…
Objective: The reservoir of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) latently infected cells is the major obstacle for eradication of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Due to the noisy environment and multiple influencing factors in the…
Several Deep Learning (DL) methods have recently been proposed for an automated identification of kidney stones during an ureteroscopy to enable rapid therapeutic decisions. Even if these DL approaches led to promising results, they are…
In routine care, individuals identified a priori as high-risk are usually tested for conditions more frequently. Protected attributes, such as sex or ethnicity may also determine testing frequency. Such heterogeneous detection rates across…
The burgeoning need for kidney transplantation mandates immediate attention. Mismatch of deceased donor-recipient kidney leads to post-transplant death. To ensure ideal kidney donor-recipient match and minimize post-transplant deaths, the…
A Convolutional Neural Network was used to predict kidney function in patients with chronic kidney disease from high-resolution digital pathology scans of their kidney biopsies. Kidney biopsies were taken from participants of the NEPTUNE…
Prediction of the future trajectory of a disease is an important challenge for personalized medicine and population health management. However, many complex chronic diseases exhibit large degrees of heterogeneity, and furthermore there is…
Maintaining genetic diversity as a means to avoid premature convergence is critical in Genetic Programming. Several approaches have been proposed to achieve this, with some focusing on the mating phase from coupling dissimilar solutions to…
Kidney volume is greatly affected in several renal diseases. Precise and automatic segmentation of the kidney can help determine kidney size and evaluate renal function. Fully convolutional neural networks have been used to segment organs…
A critical barrier in the nephrology field is the lack of appropriate in vitro renal tubule models that allow manipulation of various mechanical factors, facilitating studies of disease pathophysiology and drug discovery. Here we report…
Gynandromorphs are creatures where at least two different body sections are a different sex. Bilateral gynandromorphs are half male and half female. Here we develop a theory of gynandromorph ontogeny based on developmental control networks.…
The key concepts (calibration, discrimination, and discordance) important in understanding and comparing risk models are best conveyed graphically. To illustrate this, models predicting death and acute kidney injury in a large cohort of PCI…