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This paper investigates different methods and various neural network architectures applicable in the time series classification domain. The data is obtained from a fleet of gas sensors that measure and track quantities such as oxygen and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Mohamed Abouelnaga , Julien Vitay , Aida Farahani

Multivariate time series classification (MTSC) has attracted significant research attention due to its diverse real-world applications. Recently, exploiting transformers for MTSC has achieved state-of-the-art performance. However, existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Xuan-May Le , Ling Luo , Uwe Aickelin , Minh-Tuan Tran

Explaining predictions based on multivariate time series data carries the additional difficulty of handling not only multiple features, but also time dependencies. It matters not only what happened, but also when, and the same feature could…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Joseph Enguehard

A reliable and efficient representation of multivariate time series is crucial in various downstream machine learning tasks. In multivariate time series forecasting, each variable depends on its historical values and there are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-22 William T. Ng , K. Siu , Albert C. Cheung , Michael K. Ng

The analysis of multivariate time series data is challenging due to the various frequencies of signal changes that can occur over both short and long terms. Furthermore, standard deep learning models are often unsuitable for such datasets,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Iman Deznabi , Madalina Fiterau

Multivariate time series (MTS) classification is foundational to pervasive computing and financial analysis, yet existing multi-scale paradigms are often constrained by suboptimal representation fidelity. We identify two critical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Fan Zhang , Yating Cui , Hua Wang

Modern time series classifiers display impressive predictive capabilities, yet their decision-making processes mostly remain black boxes to the user. At the same time, model-agnostic explainers, such as the recently proposed SHAP, promise…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Felix Mujkanovic , Vanja Doskoč , Martin Schirneck , Patrick Schäfer , Tobias Friedrich

Multivariate time series (MTS) arise when multiple interconnected sensors record data over time. Dealing with this high-dimensional data is challenging for every classifier for at least two aspects: First, an MTS is not only characterized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-08-20 Patrick Schäfer , Ulf Leser

Multivariate time series is a very active topic in the research community and many machine learning tasks are being used in order to extract information from this type of data. However, in real-world problems data has missing values, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-26 Samuel Arcadinho , Paulo Mateus

Traditional saliency map methods, popularized in computer vision, highlight individual points (pixels) of the input that contribute the most to the model's output. However, in time series, they offer limited insights, as semantically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Christodoulos Kechris , Jonathan Dan , David Atienza

Multivariate time series classification (MTSC) is an important data mining task, which can be effectively solved by popular deep learning technology. Unfortunately, the existing deep learning-based methods neglect the hidden dependencies in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Huaiyuan Liu , Xianzhang Liu , Donghua Yang , Zhiyu Liang , Hongzhi Wang , Yong Cui , Jun Gu

Multivariate Time Series (MTS) analysis is crucial to understanding and managing complex systems, such as traffic and energy systems, and a variety of approaches to MTS forecasting have been proposed recently. However, we often observe…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Zezhi Shao , Fei Wang , Yongjun Xu , Wei Wei , Chengqing Yu , Zhao Zhang , Di Yao , Tao Sun , Guangyin Jin , Xin Cao , Gao Cong , Christian S. Jensen , Xueqi Cheng

Time series analysis is a field of data science which is interested in analyzing sequences of numerical values ordered in time. Time series are particularly interesting because they allow us to visualize and understand the evolution of a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-02 Hassan Ismail Fawaz

This study focuses on exploring the use of local interpretability methods for explaining time series clustering models. Many of the state-of-the-art clustering models are not directly explainable. To provide explanations for these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-03 Ozan Ozyegen , Nicholas Prayogo , Mucahit Cevik , Ayse Basar

Time series data, defined by equally spaced points over time, is essential in fields like medicine, telecommunications, and energy. Analyzing it involves tasks such as classification, clustering, prototyping, and regression. Classification…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Ali Ismail-Fawaz

Deep Learning systems excel in complex tasks but often lack transparency, limiting their use in critical applications. Counterfactual explanations, a core tool within eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI), offer insights into model…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Mario Refoyo , David Luengo

How can we explain the predictions of a machine learning model? When the data is structured as a multivariate time series, this question induces additional difficulties such as the necessity for the explanation to embody the time dependency…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-11 Jonathan Crabbé , Mihaela van der Schaar

Saliency methods are used extensively to highlight the importance of input features in model predictions. These methods are mostly used in vision and language tasks, and their applications to time series data is relatively unexplored. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-28 Aya Abdelsalam Ismail , Mohamed Gunady , Héctor Corrada Bravo , Soheil Feizi

Multivariate time series forecasting poses an ongoing challenge across various disciplines. Time series data often exhibit diverse intra-series and inter-series correlations, contributing to intricate and interwoven dependencies that have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Wanlin Cai , Yuxuan Liang , Xianggen Liu , Jianshuai Feng , Yuankai Wu

Deep learning survival models often outperform classical methods in time-to-event predictions, particularly in personalized medicine, but their "black box" nature hinders broader adoption. We propose a framework for gradient-based…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-02-10 Sophie Hanna Langbein , Niklas Koenen , Marvin N. Wright