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Finite linear temporal logic ($\mathsf{LTL}_f$) is a powerful formal representation for modeling temporal sequences. We address the problem of learning a compact $\mathsf{LTL}_f$ formula from labeled traces of system behavior. We propose a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Homer Walke , Daniel Ritter , Carl Trimbach , Michael Littman

We introduce a technique for synthesis of control and communication strategies for a team of agents from a global task specification given as a Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) formula over a set of properties that can be satisfied by the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2011-11-10 Yushan Chen , Xu Chu Ding , Calin Belta

The problem of LTLf reactive synthesis is to build a transducer, whose output is based on a history of inputs, such that, for every infinite sequence of inputs, the conjoint evolution of the inputs and outputs has a prefix that satisfies a…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Alexandre Duret-Lutz , Shufang Zhu , Nir Piterman , Giuseppe de Giacomo , Moshe Y Vardi

Devising a strategy to make a system mimicking behaviors from another system is a problem that naturally arises in many areas of Computer Science. In this work, we interpret this problem in the context of intelligent agents, from the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-20 Giuseppe De Giacomo , Dror Fried , Fabio Patrizi , Shufang Zhu

The classical LTL synthesis problem is purely qualitative: the given LTL specification is realized or not by a reactive system. LTL is not expressive enough to formalize the correctness of reactive systems with respect to some quantitative…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-01-10 Aaron Bohy , Véronique Bruyère , Emmanuel Filiot , Jean-François Raskin

A challenging problem for autonomous systems is to synthesize a reactive controller that conforms to a set of given correctness properties. Linear temporal logic (LTL) provides a formal language to specify the desired behavioral properties…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Rayna Dimitrova , Mahsa Ghasemi , Ufuk Topcu

Synthesising autonomous agents that can navigate uncertain environments while adhering to complex temporal constraints remains a fundamental challenge. While Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) provides a rigorous language for specifying such…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Can Zhou , Yulong Gao , Pian Yu

We present a reinforcement learning (RL) framework to synthesize a control policy from a given linear temporal logic (LTL) specification in an unknown stochastic environment that can be modeled as a Markov Decision Process (MDP).…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Alper Kamil Bozkurt , Yu Wang , Michael M. Zavlanos , Miroslav Pajic

While most of the current synthesis algorithms only focus on correctness-by-construction, ensuring robustness has remained a challenge. Hence, in this paper, we address the robust-by-construction synthesis problem by considering the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Satya Prakash Nayak , Daniel Neider , Martin Zimmermann

We investigate the problem of optimal control synthesis for Markov Decision Processes (MDPs), addressing both qualitative and quantitative objectives. Specifically, we require the system to satisfy a qualitative task specified by a Linear…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-19 Yu Chen , Xuanyuan Yin , Shaoyuan Li , Xiang Yin

LTL synthesis -- the construction of a function to satisfy a logical specification formulated in Linear Temporal Logic -- is a 2EXPTIME-complete problem with relevant applications in controller synthesis and a myriad of artificial…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-11-18 Jorge A. Baier , Alberto Camacho , Christian Muise , Sheila A. McIlraith

We study the problem of policy optimization (PO) with linear temporal logic (LTL) constraints. The language of LTL allows flexible description of tasks that may be unnatural to encode as a scalar cost function. We consider LTL-constrained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Cameron Voloshin , Hoang M. Le , Swarat Chaudhuri , Yisong Yue

Temporal synthesis attempts to construct reactive programs that satisfy a given declarative (LTL) formula. Practitioners have found it challenging to work exclusively with declarative specifications, and have found languages that combine…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-07-05 Shaun Azzopardi , Nir Piterman , Gerardo Schneider

We discuss the problem of experimentally evaluating linear-time temporal logic (LTL) synthesis tools for reactive systems. We first survey previous such work for the currently publicly available synthesis tools, and then draw conclusions by…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2011-02-22 Rüdiger Ehlers

Synthesis is the automated construction of a system from its specification. The system has to satisfy its specification in all possible environments. Modern systems often interact with other systems, or agents. Many times these agents have…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2009-07-20 Dana Fisman , Orna Kupferman , Yoad Lustig

Prior work on automatic control synthesis for cyber-physical systems under logical constraints has primarily focused on environmental disturbances or modeling uncertainties, however, the impact of deliberate and malicious attacks has been…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-07-25 Luyao Niu , Andrew Clark

We present the Temporal Logic Synthesis Format (TLSF), a high-level format to describe synthesis problems via Linear Temporal Logic (LTL). The format builds upon standard LTL, but additionally allows to use high-level constructs, such as…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-11-24 Swen Jacobs , Felix Klein , Sebastian Schirmer

Reactive synthesis from high-level specifications that combine hard constraints expressed in Linear Temporal Logic LTL with soft constraints expressed by discounted-sum (DS) rewards has applications in planning and reinforcement learning.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Suguman Bansal , Lydia Kavraki , Moshe Y. Vardi , Andrew Wells

We present the Temporal Logic Synthesis Format (TLSF), a high-level format to describe synthesis problems via Linear Temporal Logic (LTL). The format builds upon standard LTL, but additionally allows to use high level constructs, such as…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-01-21 Swen Jacobs , Felix Klein

Reactive synthesis is a technology for the automatic construction of reactive systems from logical specifications. In these lecture notes, we study different algorithms for the reactive synthesis problem of linear-time temporal logic (LTL).…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-03-28 Bernd Finkbeiner , Felix Klein