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Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have become essential tools for analyzing graph-structured data in domains such as drug discovery and financial analysis, leading to growing demands for model transparency. Recent advances in explainable GNNs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Bin Ma , Yuyuan Feng , Minhua Lin , Enyan Dai

This paper explores the applications and challenges of graph neural networks (GNNs) in processing complex graph data brought about by the rapid development of the Internet. Given the heterogeneity and redundancy problems that graph data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Jianjun Wei , Yue Liu , Xin Huang , Xin Zhang , Wenyi Liu , Xu Yan

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are a powerful representational tool for solving problems on graph-structured inputs. In almost all cases so far, however, they have been applied to directly recovering a final solution from raw inputs, without…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-01-16 Petar Veličković , Rex Ying , Matilde Padovano , Raia Hadsell , Charles Blundell

Benefiting from the injection of human prior knowledge, graphs, as derived discrete data, are semantically dense so that models can efficiently learn the semantic information from such data. Accordingly, graph neural networks (GNNs) indeed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Hang Gao , Jiangmeng Li , Wenwen Qiang , Lingyu Si , Xingzhe Su , Fengge Wu , Changwen Zheng , Fuchun Sun

Recent advancements in Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have spurred an upsurge of research dedicated to enhancing the explainability of GNNs, particularly in critical domains such as medicine. A promising approach is the self-explaining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Jingyu Peng , Qi Liu , Linan Yue , Zaixi Zhang , Kai Zhang , Yunhao Sha

Structural data well exists in Web applications, such as social networks in social media, citation networks in academic websites, and threads data in online forums. Due to the complex topology, it is difficult to process and make use of the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-05-12 Juntao Tan , Shijie Geng , Zuohui Fu , Yingqiang Ge , Shuyuan Xu , Yunqi Li , Yongfeng Zhang

Vulnerability detection is crucial for ensuring the security and reliability of software systems. Recently, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have emerged as a prominent code embedding approach for vulnerability detection, owing to their ability…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Zhaoyang Chu , Yao Wan , Qian Li , Yang Wu , Hongyu Zhang , Yulei Sui , Guandong Xu , Hai Jin

Real data collected from different applications that have additional topological structures and connection information are amenable to be represented as a weighted graph. Considering the node labeling problem, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs)…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-02-06 Xiaoxiao Li , Joao Saude

Graph Machine Learning (GML) has numerous applications, such as node/graph classification and link prediction, in real-world domains. Providing human-understandable explanations for GML models is a challenging yet fundamental task to foster…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-04 Claudio Borile , Alan Perotti , André Panisson

Interpretable brain network models for disease prediction are of great value for the advancement of neuroscience. GNNs are promising to model complicated network data, but they are prone to overfitting and suffer from poor interpretability,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Hejie Cui , Wei Dai , Yanqiao Zhu , Xiaoxiao Li , Lifang He , Carl Yang

Explainability techniques for Graph Neural Networks still have a long way to go compared to explanations available for both neural and decision decision tree-based models trained on tabular data. Using a task that straddles both graphs and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-25 Anjali Singh , Shamanth R Nayak K , Balaji Ganesan

End-to-end neural Natural Language Processing (NLP) models are notoriously difficult to understand. This has given rise to numerous efforts towards model explainability in recent years. One desideratum of model explanation is faithfulness,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Qing Lyu , Marianna Apidianaki , Chris Callison-Burch

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) excel in graph-based learning tasks, but their complex, non-linear operations often render them as opaque "black boxes". This opacity hinders user trust, complicates debugging, bias detection, and adoption in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-18 TC Singh , Sougata Mukherjea

Graph neural networks (GNN) are deep learning architectures for graphs. Essentially, a GNN is a distributed message passing algorithm, which is controlled by parameters learned from data. It operates on the vertices of a graph: in each…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Martin Grohe , Eran Rosenbluth

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have emerged as powerful tools for learning over structured data, including text-attributed graphs (TAGs), which are common in domains such as citation networks, social platforms, and knowledge graphs. GNNs are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Peyman Baghershahi , Gregoire Fournier , Pranav Nyati , Sourav Medya

We introduce provenance networks, a novel class of neural models designed to provide end-to-end, training-data-driven explainability. Unlike conventional post-hoc methods, provenance networks learn to link each prediction directly to its…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Ali Kayyam , Anusha Madan Gopal , M. Anthony Lewis

As post hoc explanations are increasingly used to understand the behavior of graph neural networks (GNNs), it becomes crucial to evaluate the quality and reliability of GNN explanations. However, assessing the quality of GNN explanations is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Chirag Agarwal , Owen Queen , Himabindu Lakkaraju , Marinka Zitnik

Lots of learning tasks require dealing with graph data which contains rich relation information among elements. Modeling physics systems, learning molecular fingerprints, predicting protein interface, and classifying diseases demand a model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-07 Jie Zhou , Ganqu Cui , Shengding Hu , Zhengyan Zhang , Cheng Yang , Zhiyuan Liu , Lifeng Wang , Changcheng Li , Maosong Sun

Interpretable graph neural networks (XGNNs ) are widely adopted in various scientific applications involving graph-structured data. Existing XGNNs predominantly adopt the attention-based mechanism to learn edge or node importance for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Yongqiang Chen , Yatao Bian , Bo Han , James Cheng

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) demonstrate their significance by effectively modeling complex interrelationships within graph-structured data. To enhance the credibility and robustness of GNNs, it becomes exceptionally crucial to bolster…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Hang Gao , Chengyu Yao , Jiangmeng Li , Lingyu Si , Yifan Jin , Fengge Wu , Changwen Zheng , Huaping Liu