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Large Language Models (LLMs) offer a promising alternative to traditional survey methods, potentially enhancing efficiency and reducing costs. In this study, we use LLMs to create virtual populations that answer survey questions, enabling…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Enzo Sinacola , Arnault Pachot , Thierry Petit

Despite their impressive performance in a wide range of NLP tasks, Large Language Models (LLMs) have been reported to encode worrying-levels of gender biases. Prior work has proposed debiasing methods that require human labelled examples,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Daisuke Oba , Masahiro Kaneko , Danushka Bollegala

Social bias is shaped by the accumulation of social perceptions towards targets across various demographic identities. To fully understand such social bias in large language models (LLMs), it is essential to consider the composite of social…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Jisu Shin , Hoyun Song , Huije Lee , Soyeong Jeong , Jong C. Park

The adoption of large language models (LLMs) is transforming the peer review process, from assisting reviewers in writing detailed evaluations to generating entire reviews automatically. While these capabilities offer new opportunities,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Sai Suresh Macharla Vasu , Ivaxi Sheth , Hui-Po Wang , Ruta Binkyte , Mario Fritz

The rapid growth of Large Language Models (LLMs) has put forward the study of biases as a crucial field. It is important to assess the influence of different types of biases embedded in LLMs to ensure fair use in sensitive fields. Although…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Jayanta Sadhu , Maneesha Rani Saha , Rifat Shahriyar

The increased use of Large Language Models (LLMs) in sensitive domains leads to growing interest in how their confidence scores correspond to fairness and bias. This study examines the alignment between LLM-predicted confidence and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Ahmed Sabir , Markus Kängsepp , Rajesh Sharma

Large Language Models (LLMs) are trained primarily on minimally processed web text, which exhibits the same wide range of social biases held by the humans who created that content. Consequently, text generated by LLMs can inadvertently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Harnoor Dhingra , Preetiha Jayashanker , Sayali Moghe , Emma Strubell

Large Language Models (LLMs) have fundamentally transformed the field of natural language processing; however, their vulnerability to biases presents a notable obstacle that threatens both fairness and trust. This review offers an extensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Kiana Kiashemshaki , Mohammad Jalili Torkamani , Negin Mahmoudi , Meysam Shirdel Bilehsavar

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly used in hiring, with large language models (LLMs) having the potential to influence or even make hiring decisions. However, this raises pressing concerns about bias, fairness, and trust,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Pooja S. B. Rao , Laxminarayen Nagarajan Venkatesan , Mauro Cherubini , Dinesh Babu Jayagopi

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive capabilities across various fields, yet their increasing use raises critical security concerns. This article reviews recent literature addressing key issues in LLM security, with a focus…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Benji Peng , Keyu Chen , Ming Li , Pohsun Feng , Ziqian Bi , Junyu Liu , Xinyuan Song , Qian Niu

Standard evaluation practices assume that large language model (LLM) outputs are stable under contextually equivalent formulations of a task. Here, we test this assumption in the setting of gender inference. Using a controlled pronoun…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Sagar Kumar , Ariel Flint , Luca Maria Aiello , Andrea Baronchelli

Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to propagate and even amplify gender bias, in English and other languages, in specific or constrained contexts. However, no studies so far have focused on gender biases conveyed by LLMs'…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Enzo Doyen , Amalia Todirascu

Warning: This paper may contain texts with uncomfortable content. Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance in various tasks, including those involving multimodal data like speech. However, these models often exhibit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Yi-Cheng Lin , Wei-Chih Chen , Hung-yi Lee

The growing deployment of large language models (LLMs) has amplified concerns regarding their inherent biases, raising critical questions about their fairness, safety, and societal impact. However, quantifying LLM bias remains a fundamental…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Alireza Arbabi , Florian Kerschbaum

The conformity bias exhibited by large language models (LLMs) can pose a significant challenge to decision-making in LLM-based multi-agent systems (LLM-MAS). While many prior studies have treated "conformity" simply as a matter of opinion…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Mikako Bito , Keita Nishimoto , Kimitaka Asatani , Ichiro Sakata

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being deployed in high-stakes applications like hiring, yet their potential for unfair decision-making remains understudied in generative and retrieval settings. In this work, we examine the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Preethi Seshadri , Hongyu Chen , Sameer Singh , Seraphina Goldfarb-Tarrant

In everyday conversations, humans can take on different roles and adapt their vocabulary to their chosen roles. We explore whether LLMs can take on, that is impersonate, different roles when they generate text in-context. We ask LLMs to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Leonard Salewski , Stephan Alaniz , Isabel Rio-Torto , Eric Schulz , Zeynep Akata

Large language models (LLMs) are trained on vast, uncurated datasets that contain various forms of biases and language reinforcing harmful stereotypes that may be subsequently inherited by the models themselves. Therefore, it is essential…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Jacob-Junqi Tian , Omkar Dige , D. B. Emerson , Faiza Khan Khattak

Warning: This research studies AI persuasion and bias amplification that could be misused; all experiments are for safety evaluation. Large Language Models (LLMs) now generate convincing, human-like text and are widely used in content…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Saumya Roy

Many applications of Large Language Models (LLMs) require them to either simulate people or offer personalized functionality, making the demographic representativeness of LLMs crucial for equitable utility. At the same time, we know little…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Indira Sen , Marlene Lutz , Elisa Rogers , David Garcia , Markus Strohmaier