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Modular quantum computing architectures are a promising alternative to monolithic QPU (Quantum Processing Unit) designs for scaling up quantum devices. They refer to a set of interconnected QPUs or cores consisting of tightly coupled…

Optimizing Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) is a high-dimensional combinatorial challenge. Current quantum algorithms often simplify this problem by ignoring physical constraints like mutual coupling, which significantly degrades…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Marco Pasquale , Erik M. Åsgrim , Stefano Markidis , Oscar Quevedo-Teruel

In this paper, we explore the potential for quantum annealing to solve realistic routing problems. We focus on two NP-Hard problems, including the Traveling Salesman Problem with Time Windows and the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem with…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-04-01 James B. Holliday , Darren Blount , Eneko Osaba , Khoa Luu

Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) is recognized as a unifying framework for modeling a wide range of problems. Problems can be solved with commercial solvers customized for solving QUBO and since QUBO have degree two, it is…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-07-27 Amit Verma , Mark Lewis , Gary Kochenberger

Combinatorial optimization problems are one of the target applications of current quantum technology, mainly because of their industrial relevance, the difficulty of solving large instances of them classically, and their equivalence to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-10 J. A. Montanez-Barrera , Pim van den Heuvel , Dennis Willsch , Kristel Michielsen

Multi-Agent Route Planning considers selecting vehicles, each associated with a single predefined route, such that the spatial coverage of a road network is increased while redundant overlaps are limited. This paper gives a formal problem…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Renáta Rusnáková , Martin Chovanec , Juraj Gazda

Quantum annealing algorithms belong to the class of metaheuristic tools, applicable for solving binary optimization problems. Hardware implementations of quantum annealing, such as the quantum annealing machines produced by D-Wave Systems,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-09-18 Florian Neukart , David Von Dollen , Christian Seidel , Gabriele Compostella

The Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) is an important combinatorial optimisation problem, and is usually solved on a quantum computer using a Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimisation (QUBO) formulation or a Higher Order Binary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-21 Daniel Goldsmith , Joe Day-Evans

Quantum Annealing (QA) and QAOA are promising quantum optimisation algorithms used for finding approximate solutions to combinatorial problems on near-term NISQ systems. Many NP-hard problems can be reformulated as Quadratic Unconstrained…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-06 Namasi G Sankar , Georgios Miliotis , Simon Caton

In recent years, formulating various combinatorial optimization problems as Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) has gained significant attention as a promising approach for efficiently obtaining optimal or near-optimal…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-04-14 Kyo Kuroki , Thiem Van Chu , Masato Motomura , Kazushi Kawamura

Quantum approaches to combinatorial optimization problems (COPs) are often limited by the resource demands of Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) encodings, which enlarge circuits through penalty terms and increase qubit and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-25 Frederik Koch , Shahram Panahiyan , Rick Mukherjee , Joseph Doetsch , Dieter Jaksch

Combinatorial optimization problems play a central role in computer science with many real world applications. A number of relevant problems remain computationally difficult to solve as they lie in the NP-hard complexity class. We present a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-11 Kapil Goswami , Peter Schmelcher

We formulate an optimization problem to control a large number of automated guided vehicles in a plant without collision. The formulation consists of binary variables. A quadratic cost function over these variables enables us to utilize…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-31 Masayuki Ohzeki , Akira Miki , Masamichi J. Miyama , Masayoshi Terabe

Neutral atom arrays provide a versatile platform to implement coherent quantum annealing as an approach to solving hard combinatorial optimization problems. Here we present and experimentally demonstrate an efficient encoding scheme based…

Mission planning often involves optimising the use of ISR (Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance) assets in order to achieve a set of mission objectives within allowed parameters subject to constraints. The missions of interest…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-30 Ethan Davies , Pranav Kalidindi

Current quantum computing devices have different strengths and weaknesses depending on their architectures. This means that flexible approaches to circuit design are necessary. We address this task by introducing a novel space-efficient…

Quantum annealing has emerged as a promising approach for solving NP-hard optimization problems, leveraging quantum phenomena such as quantum tunneling to navigate complex energy landscapes. However, the extent to which quantum tunneling…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-02 Vishwajeet Ohal , Pierre Boulanger

Quantum Annealing (QA) can be used to quickly obtain near-optimal solutions for Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) problems. In QA hardware, each decision variable of a QUBO should be mapped to one or more adjacent qubits in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-01-21 Thiago Serra , Teng Huang , Arvind Raghunathan , David Bergman

Quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) solvers can be applied to design an optimal structure to avoid resonance. QUBO algorithms that work on a classical or quantum device have succeeded in some industrial applications. However,…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-09-29 Tadayoshi Matsumori , Masato Taki , Tadashi Kadowaki

We present a novel formulation of structural design optimization problems specifically tailored to be solved by quantum annealing (QA). Structural design optimization aims to find the best, i.e., material-efficient yet high-performance,…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Fabian Key , Lukas Freinberger