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Neural networks have shown significant potential in solving partial differential equations (PDEs). While deep networks are capable of approximating complex functions, direct one-shot training often faces limitations in both accuracy and…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-03-10 Mingxing Weng , Zhiping Mao , Jie Shen

Data-driven methods have recently made great progress in the discovery of partial differential equations (PDEs) from spatial-temporal data. However, several challenges remain to be solved, including sparse noisy data, incomplete candidate…

Computational Physics · Physics 2021-09-28 Hao Xu , Dongxiao Zhang , Junsheng Zeng

We present DeepFDM, a differentiable finite-difference framework for learning spatially varying coefficients in time-dependent partial differential equations (PDEs). By embedding a classical forward-Euler discretization into a convolutional…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-07-30 Patrick Chatain , Michael Rizvi-Martel , Guillaume Rabusseau , Adam Oberman

We present a novel linear solver that works well for large systems obtained from discretizing PDEs. It is robust and, for the examples we studied, the computational effort scales linearly with the number of equations. The algorithm is based…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-10-20 Klaus Lackner , Ralph Menikoff

We present an operator learning framework for solving non-perturbative functional renormalization group equations, which are integro-differential equations defined on functionals. Our proposed approach uses Gaussian process operator…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Xianjin Yang , Matthieu Darcy , Matthew Hudes , Francis J. Alexander , Gregory Eyink , Houman Owhadi

Neural operators have emerged as a powerful tool for learning the mapping between infinite-dimensional parameter and solution spaces of partial differential equations (PDEs). In this work, we focus on multiscale PDEs that have important…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Xinliang Liu , Bo Xu , Shuhao Cao , Lei Zhang

We propose a nonlocal operator method for solving partial differential equations (PDEs). The nonlocal operator is derived from the Taylor series expansion of the unknown field, and can be regarded as the integral form "equivalent" to the…

Computational Physics · Physics 2019-02-04 Huilong Ren , Xiaoying Zhuang , Timon Rabczuk

Recent machine learning algorithms dedicated to solving semi-linear PDEs are improved by using different neural network architectures and different parameterizations. These algorithms are compared to a new one that solves a fixed point…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-11 Quentin Chan-Wai-Nam , Joseph Mikael , Xavier Warin

The finite element method (FEM) is a well-established numerical method for solving partial differential equations (PDEs). However, its mesh-based nature gives rise to substantial computational costs, especially for complex multiscale…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Weihang Ouyang , Yeonjong Shin , Si-Wei Liu , Lu Lu

This study used a multigrid-based convolutional neural network architecture known as MgNet in operator learning to solve numerical partial differential equations (PDEs). Given the property of smoothing iterations in multigrid methods where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-03 Jianqing Zhu , Juncai He , Qiumei Huang

Enhancing neural networks with knowledge of physical equations has become an efficient way of solving various physics problems, from fluid flow to electromagnetism. Graph neural networks show promise in accurately representing irregularly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-01 Mike Y. Michelis , Robert K. Katzschmann

We combine concepts from multilevel solvers for partial differential equations (PDEs) with neural network based deep learning and propose a new methodology for the efficient numerical solution of high-dimensional parametric PDEs. An…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Cosmas Heiß , Ingo Gühring , Martin Eigel

Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) describe phenomena ranging from turbulence and epidemics to quantum mechanics and financial markets. Despite recent advances in computational science, solving such PDEs for real-world applications…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Lothar Heimbach , Sebastian Kaltenbach , Petr Karnakov , Francis J. Alexander , Petros Koumoutsakos

Numerical approximations of partial differential equations (PDEs) are routinely employed to formulate the solution of physics, engineering, and mathematical problems involving functions of several variables, such as the propagation of heat…

It is one of the most challenging problems in applied mathematics to approximatively solve high-dimensional partial differential equations (PDEs). Recently, several deep learning-based approximation algorithms for attacking this problem…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-02-10 Christian Beck , Martin Hutzenthaler , Arnulf Jentzen , Benno Kuckuck

Partial differential equations (PDEs) are central to modeling physical and engineering systems, but repeatedly solving parametric PDEs remains computationally expensive. Operator learning enables fast surrogate inference, yet typically…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-28 Chanyoung Kim , Myeonghwan Seong , Yujin Kim , Daniel K. Park , Youngjoon Hong

We introduce a simple, rigorous, and unified framework for solving nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs), and for solving inverse problems (IPs) involving the identification of parameters in PDEs, using the framework of Gaussian…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-08-12 Yifan Chen , Bamdad Hosseini , Houman Owhadi , Andrew M Stuart

This work introduces and rigorously analyzes a novel operator-splitting finite element scheme for approximating viscosity solutions of a broad class of constrained second-order partial differential equations. By decoupling the primary PDE…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-07-01 Po-Yi Wu

Solving partial differential equations (PDEs) can be prohibitively expensive using traditional numerical methods. Deep learning-based surrogate models typically specialize in a single PDE with fixed parameters. We present a framework for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Qian-Ze Zhu , Paul Raccuglia , Michael P. Brenner

Deep neural networks (DNNs) recently emerged as a promising tool for analyzing and solving complex differential equations arising in science and engineering applications. Alternative to traditional numerical schemes, learning-based solvers…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-08-09 Yuan Lan , Zhen Li , Jie Sun , Yang Xiang