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Modeling and generating graphs is fundamental for studying networks in biology, engineering, and social sciences. However, modeling complex distributions over graphs and then efficiently sampling from these distributions is challenging due…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-26 Jiaxuan You , Rex Ying , Xiang Ren , William L. Hamilton , Jure Leskovec

Sequential dependencies present a fundamental bottleneck in deploying large-scale autoregressive models, particularly for real-time applications. While traditional optimization approaches like pruning and quantization often compromise model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Yunhai Hu , Zining Liu , Zhenyuan Dong , Tianfan Peng , Bradley McDanel , Sai Qian Zhang

Recently, there has been a growing interest in generative models based on diffusions driven by the empirical robustness of these methods in generating high-dimensional photorealistic images and the possibility of using the vast existing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-13 Jairon H. N. Batista , Flávio B. Gonçalves , Yuri F. Saporito , Rodrigo S. Targino

This paper introduces Bayesian Flow Networks (BFNs), a new class of generative model in which the parameters of a set of independent distributions are modified with Bayesian inference in the light of noisy data samples, then passed as input…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Alex Graves , Rupesh Kumar Srivastava , Timothy Atkinson , Faustino Gomez

A normalizing flow models a complex probability density as an invertible transformation of a simple density. The invertibility means that we can evaluate densities and generate samples from a flow. In practice, autoregressive flow-based…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-06-06 Conor Durkan , Artur Bekasov , Iain Murray , George Papamakarios

We consider the problem of sampling from a target distribution, which is \emph {not necessarily logconcave}, in the context of empirical risk minimization and stochastic optimization as presented in Raginsky et al. (2017). Non-asymptotic…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-02-03 Ngoc Huy Chau , Éric Moulines , Miklos Rásonyi , Sotirios Sabanis , Ying Zhang

Sampling from learned high-dimensional distributions is a foundational computational problem. We introduce U-turn chains: Markov chains obtained by iterating short forward-backward steps of a diffusion model, in which each step proposes a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Hyunmo Kang , Noam Itzhak Levi , Corinna Elena Wegner , Daniel J. Korchinski , Matthieu Wyart

Data scarcity drives the need for more sample-efficient large language models. In this work, we use the double descent phenomenon to holistically compare the sample efficiency of discrete diffusion and autoregressive models. We show that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Ahmad Fraij , Sam Dauncey

Speculative sampling is a popular technique for accelerating inference in Large Language Models by generating candidate tokens using a fast draft model and accepting or rejecting them based on the target model's distribution. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Valentin De Bortoli , Alexandre Galashov , Arthur Gretton , Arnaud Doucet

Modern generative modeling is dominated by transport from a noise prior to data. We propose an alternative paradigm in which generation is performed by a discrete stochastic dynamics that leaves the data distribution invariant, initialized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Eshed Gal , Md Shahriar Rahim Siddiqui , Moshe Eliasof , Eldad Haber

We derive a minimalist but powerful deterministic denoising-diffusion model. While denoising diffusion has shown great success in many domains, its underlying theory remains largely inaccessible to non-expert users. Indeed, an understanding…

Graphics · Computer Science 2023-05-08 Eric Heitz , Laurent Belcour , Thomas Chambon

In light of the widespread success of generative models, a significant amount of research has gone into speeding up their sampling time. However, generative models are often sampled multiple times to obtain a diverse set incurring a cost…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Gabriele Corso , Yilun Xu , Valentin de Bortoli , Regina Barzilay , Tommi Jaakkola

Diffusion models represent a class of generative models that produce data by denoising a sample corrupted by white noise. Despite the success of diffusion models in computer vision, audio synthesis, and point cloud generation, so far they…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-01-17 Kanta Masuki , Yuto Ashida

As a highly expressive generative model, diffusion models have demonstrated exceptional success across various domains, including image generation, natural language processing, and combinatorial optimization. However, as data distributions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Myunsoo Kim , Donghyeon Ki , Seong-Woong Shim , Byung-Jun Lee

Diffusion models have recently driven significant breakthroughs in generative modeling. While state-of-the-art models produce high-quality samples on average, individual samples can still be low quality. Detecting such samples without human…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Metod Jazbec , Eliot Wong-Toi , Guoxuan Xia , Dan Zhang , Eric Nalisnick , Stephan Mandt

Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods sample from unnormalized probability distributions and offer guarantees of exact sampling. However, in the continuous case, unfavorable geometry of the target distribution can greatly limit the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-10-09 Zengyi Li , Yubei Chen , Friedrich T. Sommer

Conventional diffusion models typically relies on a fixed forward process, which implicitly defines complex marginal distributions over latent variables. This can often complicate the reverse process' task in learning generative…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-10 Grigory Bartosh , Dmitry Vetrov , Christian A. Naesseth

Generative diffusion models showed high success in many fields with a powerful theoretical background. They convert the data distribution to noise and remove the noise back to obtain a similar distribution. Many existing reviews focused on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Melike Nur Yeğin , Mehmet Fatih Amasyalı

Sampling with Markov chain Monte Carlo methods often amounts to discretizing some continuous-time dynamics with numerical integration. In this paper, we establish the convergence rate of sampling algorithms obtained by discretizing smooth…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-02-04 Xuechen Li , Denny Wu , Lester Mackey , Murat A. Erdogdu

Sampling from an unknown distribution, accessible only through discrete samples, is a fundamental problem at the core of generative AI. The current state-of-the-art methods follow a two-step process: first, estimating the score function…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Samuel Hurault , Matthieu Terris , Thomas Moreau , Gabriel Peyré
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