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Embeddings play a pivotal role across various disciplines, offering compact representations of complex data structures. Randomized methods like Johnson-Lindenstrauss (JL) provide state-of-the-art and essentially unimprovable theoretical…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-12-11 Nikos Tsikouras , Constantine Caramanis , Christos Tzamos

In this paper we make a novel use of the Johnson-Lindenstrauss Lemma. The Lemma has an existential form saying that there exists a JL transformation $f$ of the data points into lower dimensional space such that all of them fall into…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-11-10 Mieczysław A. Kłopotek

For an object classification system, the most critical obstacles towards real-world applications are often caused by large intra-class variability, arising from different lightings, occlusion and corruption, in limited sample sets. Most…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-12-07 Homa Foroughi , Nilanjan Ray , Hong Zhang

The Johnson-Lindenstrauss Lemma states that there exist linear maps that project a set of points of a vector space into a space of much lower dimension such that the Euclidean distance between these points is approximately preserved. This…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-01-18 Pierre-Louis Poirion , Bruno F. Lourenço , Akiko Takeda

We introduce sparse random projection, an important dimension-reduction tool from machine learning, for the estimation of discrete-choice models with high-dimensional choice sets. Initially, high-dimensional data are compressed into a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-04-21 Khai X. Chiong , Matthew Shum

In this paper, we aim at learning simultaneously a discriminative dictionary and a robust projection matrix from noisy data. The joint learning, makes the learned projection and dictionary a better fit for each other, so a more accurate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-12-07 Homa Foroughi , Nilanjan Ray , Hong Zhang

Random projections are random linear maps, sampled from appropriate distributions, that approx- imately preserve certain geometrical invariants so that the approximation improves as the dimension of the space grows. The well-known…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-06-12 Ky Vu , Pierre-Louis Poirion , Leo Liberti

The Johnson-Lindenstrauss (JL) theorem states that a set of points in high-dimensional space can be embedded into a lower-dimensional space while approximately preserving pairwise distances with high probability Johnson and Lindenstrauss…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Pierre Mackenzie

The Johnson--Lindenstrauss (JL) lemma is a powerful tool for dimensionality reduction in modern algorithm design. The lemma states that any set of high-dimensional points in a Euclidean space can be flattened to lower dimensions while…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-11-08 Kwassi Joseph Dzahini , Stefan M. Wild

This is a tutorial and survey paper on the Johnson-Lindenstrauss (JL) lemma and linear and nonlinear random projections. We start with linear random projection and then justify its correctness by JL lemma and its proof. Then, sparse random…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-08-10 Benyamin Ghojogh , Ali Ghodsi , Fakhri Karray , Mark Crowley

The Johnson-Lindenstrauss (JL) lemma is a cornerstone of dimensionality reduction in Euclidean space, but its applicability to non-Euclidean data has remained limited. This paper extends the JL lemma beyond Euclidean geometry to handle…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Chengyuan Deng , Jie Gao , Kevin Lu , Feng Luo , Cheng Xin

Random projection techniques based on Johnson-Lindenstrauss lemma are used for randomly aggregating the constraints or variables of optimization problems while approximately preserving their optimal values, that leads to smaller-scale…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-07-13 Terunari Fuji , Pierre-Louis Poirion , Akiko Takeda

This paper, broadly speaking, covers the use of randomness in two main areas: low-rank approximation and kernel methods. Low-rank approximation is very important in numerical linear algebra. Many applications depend on matrix decomposition…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-08-12 Rishi Advani , Madison Crim , Sean O'Hagan

Sparse coding with dictionary learning (DL) has shown excellent classification performance. Despite the considerable number of existing works, how to obtain features on top of which dictionaries can be better learned remains an open and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-08-08 Weiyang Liu , Zhiding Yu , Yandong Wen , Rongmei Lin , Meng Yang

As a typical dimensionality reduction technique, random projection can be simply implemented with linear projection, while maintaining the pairwise distances of high-dimensional data with high probability. Considering this technique is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-10-14 Weizhi Lu , Weiyu Li , Kidiyo Kpalma , Joseph Ronsin

When performing classification tasks, raw high dimensional features often contain redundant information, and lead to increased computational complexity and overfitting. In this paper, we assume the data samples lie on a single underlying…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-11 Bowen Jiang , Maohao Shen

The Johnson-Lindenstrauss Lemma allows for the projection of $n$ points in $p-$dimensional Euclidean space onto a $k-$dimensional Euclidean space, with $k \ge \frac{24\ln \emph{n}}{3\epsilon^2-2\epsilon^3}$, so that the pairwise distances…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2010-05-11 Javier Rojo , Tuan Nguyen

The Johnson-Lindenstrauss lemma allows dimension reduction on real vectors with low distortion on their pairwise Euclidean distances. This result is often used in algorithms such as $k$-means or $k$ nearest neighbours since they only use…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-07-06 Ky Vu , Pierre-Louis Poirion , Leo Liberti

The Johnson-Lindenstrauss (JL) lemma allows subsets of a high-dimensional space to be embedded into a lower-dimensional space while approximately preserving all pairwise Euclidean distances. This important result has inspired an extensive…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Edem Boahen , March T. Boedihardjo , Rafael Chiclana , Mark Iwen

We propose a novel structured discriminative block-diagonal dictionary learning method, referred to as scalable Locality-Constrained Projective Dictionary Learning (LC-PDL), for efficient representation and classification. To improve the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-05-28 Zhao Zhang , Weiming Jiang , Zheng Zhang , Sheng Li , Guangcan Liu , Jie Qin
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