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Image coding for machines (ICM) aims to compress images for machine analysis using recognition models rather than human vision. Hence, in ICM, it is important for the encoder to recognize and compress the information necessary for the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Kei Iino , Shunsuke Akamatsu , Hiroshi Watanabe , Shohei Enomoto , Akira Sakamoto , Takeharu Eda

Image coding for machines (ICM) aims to compress images to support downstream AI analysis instead of human perception. For ICM, developing a unified codec to reduce information redundancy while empowering the compressed features to support…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-05 Ruoyu Feng , Jinming Liu , Xin Jin , Xiaohan Pan , Heming Sun , Zhibo Chen

Image Coding for Machines (ICM) is an image compression technique for image recognition. This technique is essential due to the growing demand for image recognition AI. In this paper, we propose a method for ICM that focuses on encoding and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Takahiro Shindo , Kein Yamada , Taiju Watanabe , Hiroshi Watanabe

Image Coding for Machines (ICM) aims to compress images for AI tasks analysis rather than meeting human perception. Learning a kind of feature that is both general (for AI tasks) and compact (for compression) is pivotal for its success. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-08 Ruoyu Feng , Xin Jin , Zongyu Guo , Runsen Feng , Yixin Gao , Tianyu He , Zhizheng Zhang , Simeng Sun , Zhibo Chen

Image Compression for Machines (ICM) aims to compress images for machine vision tasks rather than human viewing. Current works predominantly concentrate on high-level tasks like object detection and semantic segmentation. However, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Yuan Xue , Qi Zhang , Chuanmin Jia , Shiqi Wang

This paper introduces ROI-Packing, an efficient image compression method tailored specifically for machine vision. By prioritizing regions of interest (ROI) critical to end-task accuracy and packing them efficiently while discarding less…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Md Eimran Hossain Eimon , Alena Krause , Ashan Perera , Juan Merlos , Hari Kalva , Velibor Adzic , Borko Furht

Image Coding for Machines (ICM) focuses on optimizing image compression for AI-driven analysis rather than human perception. Existing ICM frameworks often rely on separate codecs for specific tasks, leading to significant storage…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-30 Yichi Zhang , Zhihao Duan , Yuning Huang , Fengqing Zhu

Traditional human vision-centric image compression methods are suboptimal for machine vision centric compression due to different visual properties and feature characteristics. To address this problem, we propose a Channel Importance-driven…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-08 Yun Zhang , Junle Liu , Huan Zhang , Zhaoqing Pan , Gangyi Jiang , Weisi Lin

Video Coding for Machines (VCM) is committed to bridging to an extent separate research tracks of video/image compression and feature compression, and attempts to optimize compactness and efficiency jointly from a unified perspective of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Wenhan Yang , Haofeng Huang , Yueyu Hu , Ling-Yu Duan , Jiaying Liu

Compression for machines is an emerging field, where inputs are encoded while optimizing the performance of downstream automated analysis. In scalable coding for humans and machines, the compressed representation used for machines is…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-19 Alon Harell , Yalda Foroutan , Ivan V. Bajic

Reducing the data footprint of visual content via image compression is essential to reduce storage requirements, but also to reduce the bandwidth and latency requirements for transmission. In particular, the use of compressed images allows…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-11 João Maria Janeiro , Stanislav Frolov , Alaaeldin El-Nouby , Jakob Verbeek

Image coding for machines (ICM) aims at reducing the bitrate required to represent an image while minimizing the drop in machine vision analysis accuracy. In many use cases, such as surveillance, it is also important that the visual quality…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-22 Nam Le , Honglei Zhang , Francesco Cricri , Ramin G. Youvalari , Hamed Rezazadegan Tavakoli , Emre Aksu , Miska M. Hannuksela , Esa Rahtu

Recent work has shown that learned image compression strategies can outperform standard hand-crafted compression algorithms that have been developed over decades of intensive research on the rate-distortion trade-off. With growing…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-04 Felipe Codevilla , Jean Gabriel Simard , Ross Goroshin , Chris Pal

Scalable image compression is a technique that progressively reconstructs multiple versions of an image for different requirements. In recent years, images have increasingly been consumed not only by humans but also by image recognition…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-01 Yui Tatsumi , Ziyue Zeng , Hiroshi Watanabe

Image Coding for Machines (ICM) is becoming more important as research in computer vision progresses. ICM is a vital research field that pursues the use of images for image recognition models, facilitating efficient image transmission and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Takahiro Shindo , Taiju Watanabe , Yui Tatsumi , Hiroshi Watanabe

Model compression is a critical area of research in deep learning, in particular in vision, driven by the need to lighten models memory or computational footprints. While numerous methods for model compression have been proposed, most focus…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Jeremy Morlier , Mathieu Leonardon , Vincent Gripon

As image recognition models become more prevalent, scalable coding methods for machines and humans gain more importance. Applications of image recognition models include traffic monitoring and farm management. In these use cases, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Takahiro Shindo , Taiju Watanabe , Yui Tatsumi , Hiroshi Watanabe

Humans do not perceive all parts of a scene with the same resolution, but rather focus on few regions of interest (ROIs). Traditional Object-Based codecs take advantage of this biological intuition, and are capable of non-uniform allocation…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-03 Yura Perugachi-Diaz , Guillaume Sautière , Davide Abati , Yang Yang , Amirhossein Habibian , Taco S Cohen

Deep learning based image compression has gained a lot of momentum in recent times. To enable a method that is suitable for image compression and subsequently extended to video compression, we propose a novel deep learning model…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-31 Srivatsa Prativadibhayankaram , Thomas Richter , Heiko Sparenberg , Siegfried Fößel

Traditional image compression methods aim to reconstruct images for human perception, prioritizing visual fidelity over task relevance. In contrast, Coding for Machines focuses on preserving information essential for automated…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-16 Stefano Della Fiore , Alessandro Gnutti , Marco Dalai , Pierangelo Migliorati , Riccardo Leonardi
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