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We consider quantum state transfer relative to the Laplacian matrix of a graph. Let $N(u)$ denote the set of all neighbors of a vertex $u$ in a graph $G$. A pair of vertices $u$ and $v$ are called twin vertices of $G$ provided…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-09-14 Hiranmoy Pal

The quantum Perfect State Transfer (PST) is a fundamental tool of quantum communication in a network. It is not easy to achieve in practice. The original idea of PST depends on the fundamentals of the continuous-time quantum walk. A path…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-24 Supriyo Dutta

Let $G$ be a graph with adjacency matrix $A$. The transition matrix of $G$ is denoted by $H(t)$ and it is defined by $H(t):=\exp{\left(itA\right)},\;t\in\mathbb{R}.$ The graph $G$ has perfect state transfer (PST) from a vertex $u$ to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-01-08 Hiranmoy Pal , Bikash Bhattacharjya

A weighted graph $G$ with countable vertex set is bounded if there is an upper bound on the maximum of the sum of absolute values of all edge weights incident to a vertex in $G$. In this paper, we prove a fundamental result on equitable…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-08 Chris Godsil , Steve Kirkland , Sarojini Mohapatra , Hermie Monterde , Hiranmoy Pal

The join $X\vee Y$ of two graphs $X$ and $Y$ is the graph obtained by joining each vertex of $X$ to each vertex of $Y$. We explore the behaviour of a continuous quantum walk on a weighted join graph having the adjacency matrix or Laplacian…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-13 Steve Kirkland , Hermie Monterde

For any graph $X$ with the adjacency matrix $A$, the transition matrix of the continuous-time quantum walk at time $t$ is given by the matrix-valued function $\mathcal{H}_X(t)=\mathrm{e}^{itA}$. We say that there is perfect state transfer…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-04-17 Bahman Ahmadi , M. H. Shirdareh Haghighi , Ahmad Mokhtar

Quantum walks on undirected graphs have been studied using symmetric matrices, such as the adjacency or Laplacian matrix, and many results about perfect state transfer are known. We extend some of those results to oriented graphs. We also…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-06-26 Chris Godsil , Sabrina Lato

We consider a quantum walk with two marked vertices, sender and receiver, and analyze its application to perfect state transfer on complete bipartite graphs. First, the situation with both the sender and the receiver vertex in the same part…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-07-26 Martin Stefanak , Stanislav Skoupy

Perfect quantum state transfer is achievable in different settings, including linear qubit chains, bi-dimensional arrays, ladders, etc. The most studied case contemplates transferring arbitrary one-qubit pure states in systems with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-06 Pablo Serra , Alejandro Ferrón , Omar Osenda

An oriented circulant graph is called integral if all eigenvalues of its Hermitian adjacency matrix are integers. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the existence of perfect state transfer ($\PST$ for short) and multiple state…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-10-06 Xing-Kun Song

Quantum walks, an important tool in quantum computing, have been very successfully investigated using techniques in algebraic graph theory. We are motivated by the study of state transfer in continuous-time quantum walks, which is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-10-09 Chris Godsil , Krystal Guo , Mark Kempton , Gabor Lippner

We construct infinite families of graphs in which pretty good state transfer can be induced by adding a potential to the nodes of the graph (i.e. adding a number to a diagonal entry of the adjacency matrix). Indeed, we show that given any…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-04-06 Or Eisenberg , Mark Kempton , Gabor Lippner

We study pretty good quantum state transfer (i.e., state transfer that becomes arbitrarily close to perfect) between vertices of graphs with an involution in the presence of an energy potential. In particular, we show that if a graph has an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-02-24 Mark Kempton , Gabor Lippner , Shing-Tung Yau

An $s$-pair state in a graph is a quantum state of the form $\mathbf{e}_u+s\mathbf{e}_v$, where $u$ and $v$ are vertices in the graph and $s$ is a non-zero complex number. If $s=-1$ (resp., $s=1$), then such a state is called a pair state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-30 Sooyeong Kim , Hermie Monterde , Bahman Ahmadi , Ada Chan , Stephen Kirkland , Sarah Plosker

Perfect state transfer (PST) has great significance due to its applications in quantum information processing and quantum computation. In this paper we present a characterization on connected simple Cayley graph $\Gamma={\rm Cay}(G,S)$…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-12-27 Yingying Tan , Keqin Feng , Xiwang Cao

Let $L$ denote the Laplacian matrix of a graph $G$. We study continuous quantum walks on $G$ defined by the transition matrix $U(t)=\exp\left(itL\right)$. The initial state is of the pair state form, $e_a-e_b$ with $a,b$ being any two…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-09-07 Qiuting Chen , Chris Godsil

Perfect state transfer in graphs is a concept arising from quantum physics and quantum computing. Given a graph $G$ with adjacency matrix $A_G$, the transition matrix of $G$ with respect to $A_G$ is defined as $H_{A_{G}}(t) =…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-10-08 Yipeng Li , Xiaogang Liu , Shenggui Zhang , Sanming Zhou

We investigate quantum state transfer on a class of bipartite graphs, namely the butterfly graphs, within the framework of discrete-time quantum walks. These graphs facilitate the construction of scalable quantum networks that enable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-14 Monika Rani , Subhashish Banerjee , Nikhil Swami , Supriyo Dutta

Pure states correspond to one-dimensional subspaces of $\mathbb{C}^n$ represented by unit vectors. In this paper, we develop the theory of perfect state transfer (PST) between real pure states with emphasis on the adjacency and Laplacian…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-13 Chris Godsil , Stephen Kirkland , Hermie Monterde

We study perfect state transfer in Grover walks on two important classes of graphs: strongly regular graphs and strongly walk-regular graphs. The latter class is a generalization of the former. We first give a complete classification of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-04 Sho Kubota , Hiroto Sekido , Harunobu Yata , Kiyoto Yoshino