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In theory, quantum key distribution (QKD) allows secure communications between two parties based on physical laws. However, most of the security proofs of QKD today make unrealistic assumptions and neglect many relevant device…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-08-06 Margarida Pereira , Marcos Curty , Kiyoshi Tamaki

We propose a frequency-division multiplexed (FDM) continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) system with enhanced spectral efficiency through dense multiplexing of low-symbol-rate signals. A four-channel 10-Mbaud FDM-CV-QKD…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-24 Jahyeok Han , Donghyeok Le , Minseok Ryu , Syed Assad , Yong-Su Kim , Sunghyun Bae

The secret key rate of a continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) system is limited by excess noise. A key issue typical to all modern CV-QKD systems implemented with a reference or pilot signal and an independent local…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-13 Hou-Man Chin , Nitin Jain , Darko Zibar , Ulrik L. Andersen , Tobias Gehring

Quantum key distribution (QKD) refers to specific quantum strategies which permit the secure distribution of a secret key between two parties that wish to communicate secretly. Quantum cryptography has proven unconditionally secure in ideal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-10-14 C. Rodó , O. Romero-Isart , K. Eckert , A. Sanpera

In continuous-variable (CV) QKD with optical coherent detection, the widely adopted \textit{trusted detector noise} model improves both the secret key rate and the transmission distance. This model assumes that detector noise is inherently…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-14 Shihong Pan , Dimitri Monokandylos , Bing Qi

Quantum key distribution (QKD) theoretically provides unconditional security between remote parties. However, guaranteeing practical security through device characterisation alone is challenging in real-world implementations due to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-29 Hao Dong , Cong Jiang , Di Ma , Chi Zhang , Jia Huang , Hao Li , Li-Xing You , Yang Liu , Xiang-Bin Wang , Qiang Zhang , Jian-Wei Pan

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a promising technology aiming at solving the security problem arising from the advent of quantum computers. While the main theoretical aspects are well developed today, limited performances, in terms of…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) stands as the most successful application of quantum information science, providing information-theoretic security for key exchange. While it has evolved from proof-of-concept experiments to commercial…

Practical quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols require a finite-size security proof. The phase error correction (PEC) approach is one of the general strategies for security analyses that has successfully proved finite-size security for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-15 Takaya Matsuura , Shinichiro Yamano , Yui Kuramochi , Toshihiko Sasaki , Masato Koashi

Quantum digital signatures (QDSs), which utilize correlated bit strings among sender and recipients, guarantee the authenticity, integrity, and nonrepudiation of classical messages based on quantum laws. Continuous-variable (CV) quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-25 Yi-Fan Zhang , Wen-Bo Liu , Bing-Hong Li , Hua-Lei Yin , Zeng-Bing Chen

Quantum key distribution (QKD) permits information-theoretically secure transmission of digital encryption keys, assuming that the behaviour of the devices employed for the key exchange can be reliably modelled and predicted. Remarkably, no…

The performance of quantum key distribution (QKD) is severely limited by multi-photon pulses emitted by laser sources due to the photon-number splitting attack. Coherent-one-way (COW) QKD has been introduced as a promising solution to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-06 Javier González-Payo , Róbert Trényi , Weilong Wang , Marcos Curty

Reconciliation is an essential part of any secret-key agreement protocol and hence of a Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocol, where two legitimate parties are given correlated data and want to agree on a common string in the presence of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2011-04-01 David Elkouss , Anthony Leverrier , Romain Alléaume , Joseph Boutros

Quantum key distribution (QKD) has the potential for widespread real-world applications. To date no secure long-distance experiment has demonstrated the truly practical operation needed to move QKD from the laboratory to the real world due…

We study the robustness of quantum key distribution protocols using discrete or continuous variables to the channel noise. We introduce the model of such noise based on coupling of the signal to a thermal reservoir, typical for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-06-12 Mikołaj Lasota , Radim Filip , Vladyslav C. Usenko

Twin-field quantum key distribution (TF-QKD) promises ultra-long secure key distribution which surpasses the rate distance limit and can reduce the number of the trusted nodes in long-haul quantum network. Tremendous efforts have been made…

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) has many practical advantages including compatibility with current optical communication technology. Implementation using heterodyne measurements is particularly attractive since it…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-26 Shinichiro Yamano , Takaya Matsuura , Yui Kuramochi , Toshihiko Sasaki , Masato Koashi

Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides information-theoretic security guaranteed by the laws of quantum mechanics, making it resistant to future computational threats, including quantum computers. While QKD technology shows great promise,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-14 Si Qi Ng , Florian Kanitschar , Gong Zhang , Chao Wang

Nonlocal correlations, a longstanding foundational topic in quantum information, have recently found application as a resource for cryptographic tasks where not all devices are trusted, for example in settings with a highly secure central…

This study investigates the feasibility of the phase-matching measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (PM-MDI QKD) protocol proposed by Lin and L\"utkenhaus for satellite-based quantum communication. The protocol's key rate,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-22 Arindam Dutta , Subhashish Banerjee , Anirban Pathak
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