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The Borsuk-Ulam theorem states that a continuous function $f:S^n \to \R^n$ has a point $x\in S^n$ with $f(x)=f(-x)$. We give an analogue of this theorem for digital images, which are modeled as discrete spaces of adjacent pixels equipped…

General Topology · Mathematics 2015-06-23 P. Christopher Staecker

We prove a colorful generalization of the Borsuk--Ulam theorem and derive colorful consequences from it, such as a colorful generalization of the ham sandwich theorem. Even in the uncolored case this specializes to a strengthening of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-09-27 Florian Frick , Zoe Wellner

We study Borsuk-Ulam type results for the loopspace of an euclidean sphere without loops equal to their inverses.

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2018-04-18 Dariusz Miklaszewski

We prove multiple generalizations of Fan's combinatorial labeling result for sphere triangulations. This can be seen as a comprehensive extension of the Borsuk--Ulam theorem. In typical applications, the Borsuk--Ulam theorem gives…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-10 Florian Frick , Zoe Wellner

In this paper, we present a new qualitative extension of the Hopf theorem (and a generalization of Borsuk-Ulam theorem), concerning continuous maps $f$ from a compact Riemannian manifold $M$ of dimension $n$ to $\mathbb{R}^n$. We remove the…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2026-04-07 Ilya M. Shirokov , Andrey V. Malyutin , Alisa Volkova

A generalization of the Borsuk-Ulam theorem to Stiefel manifolds is considered. This theorem is applied to derive bounds on $d$ that guarantee-for a given set of $m$ measures in $\mathbb{R}^d$-the existence of $k$ mutually orthogonal…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2026-05-26 Oleg R. Musin

Suppose that $f_1,\ldots ,f_m : S(V)\to R$ are $m$ ($\geq 1$) continuous functions defined on the unit sphere in a Euclidean vector space $V$ of dimension $m+1$ satisfying $f_i(-v)=-f_i(v)$ for all $v\in S(V)$. The classical Borsuk-Ulam…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2024-01-05 M. C. Crabb

We show that the size of codes in projective space controls structural results for zeros of odd maps from spheres to Euclidean space. In fact, this relation is given through the topology of the space of probability measures on the sphere…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2022-08-30 Henry Adams , Johnathan Bush , Florian Frick

We give a different and possibly more accessible proof of a general Borsuk--Ulam theorem for a product of spheres, originally due to Ramos. That is, we show the non-existence of certain $(\mathbb{Z}/2)^k$-equivariant maps from a product of…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2019-11-07 Yu Hin Chan , Shujian Chen , Florian Frick , J. Tristan Hull

These informal notes, not intended for publication, provide an approach to the Borsuk--Ulam theorem via Stokes' theorem, in a similar spirit to Lima's proof of the Brouwer fixed point theorem. They are intended to be accessible to anyone…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2012-05-22 Anthony Carbery

We prove a generalization of the classical Borsuk--Ulam Theorem under small perturbations (shaking) of the sphere. We show that for a generic perturbation of a continuous map $f : S^2 \to \mathbb{R}^2$, the number of points $x \in S^2$ such…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2025-07-24 Karim Mansour

We observe that the classical Borsuk-Ulam theorem has an easy generalization to maps from an n-manifold M^n to R^n. We point out a geometric corollary.

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Danny Calegari

In combinatorial problems it is sometimes possible to define a $G$-equivariant mapping from a space $X$ of configurations of a system to a Euclidean space $\mathbb{R}^m$ for which a coincidence of the image of this mapping with an…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2008-07-10 Pavle V. M. Blagojevic , Aleksandra S. Dimitrijevic Blagojevic , John McCleary

We use and adapt the Borsuk-Ulam Theorem from topology to derive limitations on list-replicable and globally stable learning algorithms. We further demonstrate the applicability of our methods in combinatorics and topology. We show that,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Zachary Chase , Bogdan Chornomaz , Shay Moran , Amir Yehudayoff

Using methods from the theory of commutative graded Banach algebras, we obtain a generalization of the two dimensional Borsuk-Ulam theorem as follows: Let $\phi:S^{2} \rightarrow S^{2}$ be a homeomorphism of order n and $\lambda\neq 1$ be…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2013-10-16 Ali Taghavi

An orthogonal representation of a graph is an assignment of nonzero real vectors to its vertices such that distinct non-adjacent vertices are assigned to orthogonal vectors. We prove general lower bounds on the dimension of orthogonal…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-11-29 Ishay Haviv

Motivated by an open problem from graph drawing, we study several partitioning problems for line and hyperplane arrangements. We prove a ham-sandwich cut theorem: given two sets of n lines in R^2, there is a line l such that in both line…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2015-03-17 Vida Dujmovic , Stefan Langerman

Thickenings of a metric space capture local geometric properties of the space. Here we exhibit applications of lower bounding the topology of thickenings of the circle and more generally the sphere. We explain interconnections with the…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2019-11-28 Henry Adams , Johnathan Bush , Florian Frick

We study the Borsuk-Ulam theorem for triple (M;\tau; \R^n), where M is a compact, connected, 3-manifold equipped with a fixed-point-free involution \tau. The largest value of n for which the Borsuk-Ulam theorem holds is called the Z_2-index…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2021-02-02 Chahrazade Matmat , Christian Blanchet

B\'ar\'any's "topological Tverberg conjecture" from 1976 states that any continuous map of an $N$-simplex $\Delta_N$ to $\mathbb{R}^d$, for $N\ge(d+1)(r-1)$, maps points from $r$ disjoint faces in $\Delta_N$ to the same point in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-05-23 Pavle V. M. Blagojević , Günter M. Ziegler
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