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As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly applied across various tasks, instruction tuning has emerged as a critical method for enhancing model performance. However, current data management strategies face substantial challenges in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Yangning Li , Zihua Lan , Lv Qingsong , Yinghui Li , Hai-Tao Zheng

The promise of generative AI to revolutionize education is constrained by the pedagogical limits of large language models (LLMs). A major issue is the lack of access to high-quality training data that reflect the learning of actual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Janos Perczel , Jin Chow , Dorottya Demszky

Although large language models (LLMs) have advanced the state-of-the-art in NLP significantly, deploying them for downstream applications is still challenging due to cost, responsiveness, control, or concerns around privacy and security. As…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Dong-Ho Lee , Jay Pujara , Mohit Sewak , Ryen W. White , Sujay Kumar Jauhar

Evaluating Large Language Model (LLM) applications differs from traditional software testing because outputs are stochastic, high-dimensional, and sensitive to prompt and model changes. We present an evaluation-driven workflow - Define,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Daniel Commey

Augmenting Large Language Models (LLMs) with external tools enables them to execute complex, multi-step tasks. However, tool learning is hampered by the static synthetic data pipelines where data generation and model training are executed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Kangning Zhang , Wenxiang Jiao , Kounianhua Du , Yuan Lu , Weiwen Liu , Weinan Zhang , Yong Yu

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) show impressive vision-language benchmark performance, yet growing concerns about data contamination (test set exposure during training) risk masking true generalization. This concern extends to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Ming Liu , Wensheng Zhang

The capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) in code generation have been extensively studied, particularly for implementing target functionalities from natural-language descriptions. Alternatively, input-output (I/O) examples provide…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Yingjie Fu , Bozhou Li , Linyi Li , Wentao Zhang , Tao Xie

This survey reviews how large language models (LLMs) are transforming synthetic training data generation in both natural language and code domains. By producing artificial but task-relevant examples, these models can significantly augment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Mihai Nadas , Laura Diosan , Andreea Tomescu

Generative large language models (LLMs), e.g., ChatGPT, have demonstrated remarkable proficiency across several NLP tasks, such as machine translation, text summarization. Recent research (Kocmi and Federmann, 2023) has shown that utilizing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Qingyu Lu , Baopu Qiu , Liang Ding , Kanjian Zhang , Tom Kocmi , Dacheng Tao

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly embedded in applications, and people can shape model behavior by editing prompt instructions. Yet encoding subtle, domain-specific policies into prompts is challenging. Although this process…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Minjae Lee , Minsuk Kahng

Like humans, large language models (LLMs) do not always generate the best output on their first try. Motivated by how humans refine their written text, we introduce Self-Refine, an approach for improving initial outputs from LLMs through…

The integration of large language models (LLMs) into automated algorithm design has shown promising potential. A prevalent approach embeds LLMs within search routines to iteratively generate and refine candidate algorithms. However, most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Fei Liu , Rui Zhang , Xi Lin , Zhichao Lu , Qingfu Zhang

Large Language Models have become the de facto approach to sequence-to-sequence text generation tasks, but for specialized tasks/domains, a pretrained LLM lacks specific capabilities to produce accurate or well-formatted responses.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Jiuhai Chen , Jonas Mueller

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have yielded impressive performance on various tasks, yet they often depend on high-quality feedback that can be costly. Self-refinement methods attempt to leverage LLMs' internal evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Hikaru Asano , Tadashi Kozuno , Yukino Baba

With the rising human-like precision of Large Language Models (LLMs) in numerous tasks, their utilization in a variety of real-world applications is becoming more prevalent. Several studies have shown that LLMs excel on many standard NLP…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Rishav Hada , Varun Gumma , Mohamed Ahmed , Kalika Bali , Sunayana Sitaram

Large language models (LLMs) have recently achieved significant success across various application domains, garnering substantial attention from different communities. Unfortunately, even for the best LLM, many \textit{faults} still exist…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Qiang Hu , Jin Wen , Maxime Cordy , Yuheng Huang , Wei Ma , Xiaofei Xie , Lei Ma

With the capabilities of understanding and executing natural language instructions, Large language models (LLMs) can potentially act as a powerful tool for textual data augmentation. However, the quality of augmented data depends heavily on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Yichuan Li , Kaize Ding , Jianling Wang , Kyumin Lee

Adapting general multimodal large language models (MLLMs) to specific domains, such as scientific and industrial fields, is highly significant in promoting their practical applications. This paper systematically investigates domain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Daixuan Cheng , Shaohan Huang , Ziyu Zhu , Xintong Zhang , Wayne Xin Zhao , Zhongzhi Luan , Bo Dai , Zhenliang Zhang

Data selection for finetuning Large Language Models (LLMs) can be framed as a budget-constrained optimization problem: maximizing a model's downstream performance under a strict training data budget. Solving this problem is generally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Animesh Jha , Harshit Gupta , Ananjan Nandi

LLMs have gained immense popularity among researchers and the general public for its impressive capabilities on a variety of tasks. Notably, the efficacy of LLMs remains significantly dependent on the quality and structure of the input…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Wenliang Zheng , Sarkar Snigdha Sarathi Das , Yusen Zhang , Rui Zhang