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Despite the steady progress in machine translation evaluation, existing automatic metrics struggle to capture how well meaning is preserved beyond sentence boundaries. We posit that reliance on a single intrinsic quality score, trained to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Patrick Fernandes , Sweta Agrawal , Emmanouil Zaranis , André F. T. Martins , Graham Neubig

Monolingual data has been demonstrated to be helpful in improving the translation quality of neural machine translation (NMT). The current methods stay at the usage of word-level knowledge, such as generating synthetic parallel data or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-22 Rongxiang Weng , Heng Yu , Shujian Huang , Weihua Luo , Jiajun Chen

Selecting an appropriate pre-trained source model is a critical, yet computationally expensive, task in transfer learning. Model Transferability Estimation (MTE) methods address this by providing efficient proxy metrics to rank models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Yuhang Liu , Wenjie Zhao , Yunhui Guo

Despite Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrating superior translation performance and long-context capabilities, evaluation methodologies remain constrained to sentence-level assessment due to dataset limitations, token number…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Kuang-Da Wang , Shuoyang Ding , Chao-Han Huck Yang , Ping-Chun Hsieh , Wen-Chih Peng , Vitaly Lavrukhin , Boris Ginsburg

Starting from the 1950s, Machine Translation (MT) was challenged by different scientific solutions, which included rule-based methods, example-based and statistical models (SMT), to hybrid models, and very recent years the neural models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Lifeng Han , Serge Gladkoff

In this paper, we propose a new metric for Machine Translation (MT) evaluation, based on bi-directional entailment. We show that machine generated translation can be evaluated by determining paraphrasing with a reference translation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Rakesh Khobragade , Heaven Patel , Anand Namdev , Anish Mishra , Pushpak Bhattacharyya

The vast majority of evaluation metrics for machine translation are supervised, i.e., (i) are trained on human scores, (ii) assume the existence of reference translations, or (iii) leverage parallel data. This hinders their applicability to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Jonas Belouadi , Steffen Eger

Automatic machine translation metrics typically rely on human translations to determine the quality of system translations. Common wisdom in the field dictates that the human references should be of very high quality. However, there are no…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Vilém Zouhar , Ondřej Bojar

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance in sentence-level machine translation, but scaling to document-level translation remains challenging, particularly in modeling long-range dependencies and discourse phenomena…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Miguel Moura Ramos , Patrick Fernandes , Sweta Agrawal , André F. T. Martins

In this work, we provide a recipe for training machine translation models in a limited resource setting by leveraging synthetic target data generated using a large pre-trained model. We show that consistently across different benchmarks in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Sarthak Mittal , Oleksii Hrinchuk , Oleksii Kuchaiev

We hypothesize that existing sentence-level machine translation (MT) metrics become less effective when the human reference contains ambiguities. To verify this hypothesis, we present a very simple method for extending pretrained metrics to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-29 Giorgos Vernikos , Brian Thompson , Prashant Mathur , Marcello Federico

Existing methods to measure sentence similarity are faced with two challenges: (1) labeled datasets are usually limited in size, making them insufficient to train supervised neural models; (2) there is a training-test gap for unsupervised…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Xiaofei Sun , Yuxian Meng , Xiang Ao , Fei Wu , Tianwei Zhang , Jiwei Li , Chun Fan

A robust evaluation metric has a profound impact on the development of text generation systems. A desirable metric compares system output against references based on their semantics rather than surface forms. In this paper we investigate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-27 Wei Zhao , Maxime Peyrard , Fei Liu , Yang Gao , Christian M. Meyer , Steffen Eger

Since the 1950s, machine translation (MT) has become one of the important tasks of AI and development, and has experienced several different periods and stages of development, including rule-based methods, statistical methods, and recently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-23 Lifeng Han

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced Machine Translation (MT), applying them to linguistically complex domains-such as Social Network Services, literature etc. In these scenarios, translations often require handling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Yanzhi Tian , Cunxiang Wang , Zeming Liu , Heyan Huang , Wenbo Yu , Dawei Song , Jie Tang , Yuhang Guo

Widely used evaluation metrics for text generation either do not work well with longer texts or fail to evaluate all aspects of text quality. In this paper, we introduce a new metric called SMART to mitigate such limitations. Specifically,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Reinald Kim Amplayo , Peter J. Liu , Yao Zhao , Shashi Narayan

Document alignment techniques based on multilingual sentence representations have recently shown state of the art results. However, these techniques rely on unsupervised distance measurement techniques, which cannot be fined-tuned to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-01 Charith Rajitha , Lakmali Piyarathne , Dilan Sachintha , Surangika Ranathunga

Improvements in text generation technologies such as machine translation have necessitated more costly and time-consuming human evaluation procedures to ensure an accurate signal. We investigate a simple way to reduce cost by reducing the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Belén Saldías , George Foster , Markus Freitag , Qijun Tan

Accurately evaluating machine-translated text remains a long-standing challenge, particularly for long documents. Recent work has shown that large language models (LLMs) can serve as reliable and interpretable sentence-level translation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Tobias Domhan , Dawei Zhu

Revision is a crucial step in scientific writing, where authors refine their work to improve clarity, structure, and academic quality. Existing approaches to automated writing assistance often focus on sentence-level revisions, which fail…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Léane Jourdan , Nicolas Hernandez , Richard Dufour , Florian Boudin , Akiko Aizawa