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Text-to-image generation has seen an explosion of interest since 2021. Today, beautiful and intriguing digital images and artworks can be synthesized from textual inputs ("prompts") with deep generative models. Online communities around…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Jonas Oppenlaender

Creative generation is the synthesis of new, surprising, and valuable samples that reflect user intent yet cannot be envisioned in advance. This task aims to extend human imagination, enabling the discovery of visual concepts that exist in…

Graphics · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Shelly Golan , Yotam Nitzan , Zongze Wu , Or Patashnik

State-of-the-art visual generative AI tools hold immense potential to assist users in the early ideation stages of creative tasks -- offering the ability to generate (rather than search for) novel and unprecedented (instead of existing)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Evans Xu Han , Alice Qian Zhang , Haiyi Zhu , Hong Shen , Paul Pu Liang , Jane Hsieh

In the current study,we propose that, in the era of generative AI, there is now a new form of literacy called "prompt literacy," which refers to the ability to generate precise prompts as input for AI systems, interpret the outputs, and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Yohan Hwang , Jang Ho Lee , Dongkwang Shin

Studies of Generative AI (GenAI)-assisted creative workflows have focused on individuals overcoming challenges of prompting to produce what they envisioned. When designers work in teams, how do collaboration and prompting influence each…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Yuanning Han , Ziyi Qiu , Jiale Cheng , RAY LC

Prompt engineering is an effective but labor-intensive way to control text-to-image (T2I) generative models. Its time-intensive nature and complexity have spurred the development of algorithms for automated prompt generation. However, these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Yutong He , Alexander Robey , Naoki Murata , Yiding Jiang , Joshua Nathaniel Williams , George J. Pappas , Hamed Hassani , Yuki Mitsufuji , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , J. Zico Kolter

Text-based prompting remains the predominant interaction paradigm in generative AI, yet it often introduces friction for novice users such as small business owners (SBOs), who struggle to articulate creative goals in domain-specific…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Nimisha Karnatak , Adrien Baranes , Rob Marchant , Huinan Zeng , Tríona Butler , Kristen Olson

Generative AI has enabled novice designers to quickly create professional-looking visual representations for product concepts. However, novices have limited domain knowledge that could constrain their ability to write prompts that…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Sirui Tao , Ivan Liang , Cindy Peng , Zhiqing Wang , Srishti Palani , Steven P. Dow

Can visual artworks created using generative visual algorithms inspire human creativity in storytelling? We asked writers to write creative stories from a starting prompt, and provided them with visuals created by generative AI models from…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-10-29 Safinah Ali , Devi Parikh

Recent developments in large language models (LLM) and generative AI have unleashed the astonishing capabilities of text-to-image generation systems to synthesize high-quality images that are faithful to a given reference text, known as a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-03-17 Yutong Xie , Zhaoying Pan , Jinge Ma , Luo Jie , Qiaozhu Mei

With the advancement of neural generative capabilities, the art community has actively embraced GenAI (generative artificial intelligence) for creating painterly content. Large text-to-image models can quickly generate aesthetically…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Aven-Le Zhou , Yu-Ao Wang , Wei Wu , Kang Zhang

Creators struggle to edit long-form, narrative-rich videos not because of UI complexity, but due to the cognitive demands of searching, storyboarding, and sequencing hours of footage. Existing transcript- or embedding-based methods fall…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Zihan Ding , Xinyi Wang , Junlong Chen , Per Ola Kristensson , Junxiao Shen

Despite recent progress in text-to-image (T2I) generation, existing models often struggle to faithfully capture user intentions from short and under-specified prompts. While prior work has attempted to enhance prompts using large language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Mingrui Wu , Lu Wang , Pu Zhao , Fangkai Yang , Jianjin Zhang , Jianfeng Liu , Yuefeng Zhan , Weihao Han , Hao Sun , Jiayi Ji , Xiaoshuai Sun , Qingwei Lin , Weiwei Deng , Dongmei Zhang , Feng Sun , Qi Zhang , Rongrong Ji

The emergence of generative AI (GenAI) models, including large language models and text-to-image models, has significantly advanced the synergy between humans and AI with not only their outstanding capability but more importantly, the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Leixian Shen , Haotian Li , Yifang Wang , Xing Xie , Huamin Qu

Recent advances in Machine-Learning have led to the development of models that generate images based on a text description.Such large prompt-based text to image models (TTIs), trained on a considerable amount of data, allow the creation of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-03-23 Chinmay Kulkarni , Stefania Druga , Minsuk Chang , Alex Fiannaca , Carrie Cai , Michael Terry

While generative models have become powerful tools for image synthesis, they are typically optimized for executing carefully crafted textual prompts, offering limited support for the open-ended visual exploration that often precedes idea…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Kfir Goldberg , Elad Richardson , Yael Vinker

In creativity support and computational co-creativity contexts, the task of discovering appropriate prompts for use with text-to-image generative models remains difficult. In many cases the creator wishes to evoke a certain impression with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Francisco Ibarrola , Rohan Lulham , Kazjon Grace

Prompt engineering is still the primary way for users of generative text-to-image models to manipulate generated images in a targeted way. Based on treating the model as a continuous function and by passing gradients between the image space…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Niklas Deckers , Julia Peters , Martin Potthast

Editing images via instruction provides a natural way to generate interactive content, but it is a big challenge due to the higher requirement of scene understanding and generation. Prior work utilizes a chain of large language models,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Liya Ji , Chenyang Qi , Qifeng Chen

The rapid advancement of generative AI has democratized access to powerful tools such as Text-to-Image models. However, to generate high-quality images, users must still craft detailed prompts specifying scene, style, and context-often…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Dawei Xiang , Wenyan Xu , Kexin Chu , Tianqi Ding , Zixu Shen , Yiming Zeng , Jianchang Su , Wei Zhang