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Programs implemented in various programming languages form the foundation of software applications. To alleviate the burden of program migration and facilitate the development of software systems, automated program translation across…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Yali Du , Hui Sun , Ming Li

Mutation testing is vital for ensuring software quality. However, the presence of equivalent mutants is known to introduce redundant cost and bias issues, hindering the effectiveness of mutation testing in practical use. Although numerous…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Zhao Tian , Honglin Shu , Dong Wang , Xuejie Cao , Yasutaka Kamei , Junjie Chen

Ensemble learning has been widely used in machine learning to improve model robustness, accuracy, and generalization, but has not yet been applied to code generation tasks with large language models (LLMs). We propose an ensemble approach…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Tarek Mahmud , Bin Duan , Corina Pasareanu , Guowei Yang

This paper delves into the intricacies of code summarization using advanced transformer-based language models. Through empirical studies, we evaluate the efficacy of code summarization by altering function and variable names to explore…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Debanjan Mondal , Abhilasha Lodha , Ankita Sahoo , Beena Kumari

The rapid rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) has changed software development, with tools like Copilot, JetBrains AI Assistant, and others boosting developers' productivity. However, developers now spend more time reviewing code than…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Agnia Sergeyuk , Olga Lvova , Sergey Titov , Anastasiia Serova , Farid Bagirov , Timofey Bryksin

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities in generating program code, opening exciting opportunities for applying program synthesis to games. In this work, we explore the potential of LLMs to directly synthesize usable…

Low-resource languages, such as Baltic languages, benefit from Large Multilingual Models (LMs) that possess remarkable cross-lingual transfer performance capabilities. This work is an interpretation and analysis study into cross-lingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Maksym Del , Mark Fishel

Testing is an integral part of the software development process. Yet, writing tests is time-consuming and therefore often neglected. Classical test generation tools such as EvoSuite generate behavioral test suites by optimizing for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Nikitha Rao , Kush Jain , Uri Alon , Claire Le Goues , Vincent J. Hellendoorn

It has been found that Transformer-based language models have the ability to perform basic quantitative reasoning. In this paper, we propose a method for studying how these models internally represent numerical data, and use our proposal to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Ulme Wennberg , Gustav Eje Henter

Rapid technological progress in computer sciences finds solutions and at the same time creates ever more complex requirements. Due to an evolving complexity todays programming languages provide powerful frameworks which offer standard…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-05-17 Igor Ivkic , Alexander Wöhrer , Markus Tauber

Recent literature shows that large-scale language modeling provides excellent reusable sentence representations with both recurrent and self-attentive architectures. However, there has been less clarity on the commonalities and differences…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-30 Jindřich Libovický , Pranava Madhyastha

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional code generation capabilities, yet their token-level mechanisms remain underexplored, particularly in compressed models. Through systematic analysis of programming language token…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Viacheslav Siniaev , Iaroslav Chelombitko , Aleksey Komissarov

Numerous code changes are made by developers in their daily work, and a superior representation of code changes is desired for effective code change analysis. Recently, Hoang et al. proposed CC2Vec, a neural network-based approach that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Xin Zhou , Bowen Xu , DongGyun Han , Zhou Yang , Junda He , David Lo

Researchers have recently suggested that models share common representations. In our work, we find numerous geometric similarities across the token embeddings of large language models. First, we find ``global'' similarities: token…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Andrew Lee , Melanie Weber , Fernanda Viégas , Martin Wattenberg

Modeling relations between languages can offer understanding of language characteristics and uncover similarities and differences between languages. Automated methods applied to large textual corpora can be seen as opportunities for novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-24 Blaž Škrlj , Senja Pollak

Code-LLMs, LLMs pre-trained on large code corpora, have shown great progress in learning rich representations of the structure and syntax of code, successfully using it to generate or classify code fragments. At the same time, understanding…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Nickil Maveli , Antonio Vergari , Shay B. Cohen

Multilingual Large Language Models (LLMs) can process many languages, yet how they internally represent this diversity remains unclear. Do they form shared multilingual representations with language-specific decoding, and if so, why does…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Abir Harrasse , Florent Draye , Punya Syon Pandey , Zhijing Jin , Bernhard Schölkopf

Generative AI and large language models have the potential to drastically improve the landscape of computing education by automatically generating personalized feedback and content. Recent works have studied the capabilities of these models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Adish Singla

Assembly-to-source code translation is a critical task in reverse engineering, cybersecurity, and software maintenance, yet systematic benchmarks for evaluating large language models on this problem remain scarce. In this work, we present…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Parisa Hamedi , Hamed Jelodar , Samita Bai , Mohammad Meymani , Roozbeh Razavi-Far , Ali A. Ghorbani

Multilingual language models have recently gained attention as a promising solution for representing multiple languages in a single model. In this paper, we propose new criteria to evaluate the quality of lexical representation and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Tomasz Limisiewicz , Jiří Balhar , David Mareček