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Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) is a technique that enables statistical processing and machine learning while protecting data, including sensitive information collected by single board computers (SBCs), on a cloud server. Among FHE…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Marin Matsumoto , Ai Nozaki , Hideki Takase , Masato Oguchi

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) is rapidly emerging as a promising foundation for privacy-preserving cloud services, enabling computation directly on encrypted data. As FHE implementations mature and begin moving toward practical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Jianan Mu , Ge Yu , Zhaoxuan Kan , Song Bian , Liang Kong , Zizhen Liu , Cheng Liu , Jing Ye , Huawei Li

While homomorphic encryption (HE) provides strong privacy protection, its high computational cost has restricted its application to simple tasks. Recently, hyperdimensional computing (HDC) applied to HE has shown promising performance for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Jaewoo Park , Chenghao Quan , Jongeun Lee

Homomorphic permutation is fundamental to privacy-preserving computations based on batch-encoding homomorphic encryption. It underpins nearly all homomorphic matrix operations and predominantly influences their complexity. Permutation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Xirong Ma , Junling Fang , Chunpeng Ge , Dung Hoang Duong , Yali Jiang , Yanbin Li , Willy Susilo , Lizhen Cui

This paper presents Flash, an optimized private inference (PI) hybrid protocol utilizing both homomorphic encryption (HE) and secure two-party computation (2PC), which can reduce the end-to-end PI latency for deep CNN models less than 1…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Hyeri Roh , Jinsu Yeo , Yeongil Ko , Gu-Yeon Wei , David Brooks , Woo-Seok Choi

Recent work using Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) has made non-interactive privacy-preserving inference of deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) possible. However, the performance of these methods remain limited by their heavy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Eduardo Chielle , Manaar Alam , Jinting Liu , Jovan Kascelan , Michail Maniatakos

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have enabled significant performance leaps in medical image classification tasks. However, translating neural network models for clinical applications remains challenging due to data privacy issues.…

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) is known to be extremely computationally-intensive, application-specific accelerators emerged as a powerful solution to narrow the performance gap. Nonetheless, due to the increasing complexities in FHE…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Lin Ding , Song Bian , Penggao He , Yan Xu , Gang Qu , Jiliang Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) offer personalized responses based on user interactions, but this use case raises serious privacy concerns. Homomorphic encryption (HE) is a cryptographic protocol supporting arithmetic computations in encrypted…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Donghwan Rho , Taeseong Kim , Minje Park , Jung Woo Kim , Hyunsik Chae , Ernest K. Ryu , Jung Hee Cheon

Homomorphic Encryption (HE) draws a significant attention as a privacy-preserving way for cloud computing because it allows computation on encrypted messages called ciphertexts. Among numerous HE schemes proposed, HE for Arithmetic of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-07-15 Wonkyung Jung , Eojin Lee , Sangpyo Kim , Keewoo Lee , Namhoon Kim , Chohong Min , Jung Hee Cheon , Jung Ho Ahn

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) allows computing on encrypted data, enabling secure offloading of computation to untrusted serves. Though it provides ideal security, FHE is expensive when executed in software, 4 to 5 orders of magnitude…

Data privacy concerns often prevent the use of cloud-based machine learning services for sensitive personal data. While homomorphic encryption (HE) offers a potential solution by enabling computations on encrypted data, the challenge is to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-08 Kanthi Sarpatwar , Karthik Nandakumar , Nalini Ratha , James Rayfield , Karthikeyan Shanmugam , Sharath Pankanti , Roman Vaculin

Homomorphic encryption (HE) has found extensive utilization in federated learning (FL) systems, capitalizing on its dual advantages: (i) ensuring the confidentiality of shared models contributed by participating entities, and (ii) enabling…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Dongfang Zhao

As machine learning (ML) permeates fields like healthcare, facial recognition, and blockchain, the need to protect sensitive data intensifies. Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) allows inference on encrypted data, preserving the privacy of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Jianming Tong , Jingtian Dang , Anupam Golder , Callie Hao , Arijit Raychowdhury , Tushar Krishna

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative training while keeping sensitive data on clients' devices, but local model updates can still leak private information. Hybrid Homomorphic Encryption (HHE) has recently been applied to FL to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Ivan Costa , Pedro Correia , Ivone Amorim , Eva Maia , Isabel Praça

With the rapid advancement of AI technology, we have seen more and more concerns on data privacy, leading to some cutting-edge research on machine learning with encrypted computation. Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) is a crucial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Longfei Guo , Pengbo Li , Ting Gao , Yonghai Zhong , Haojie Fan , Jinqiao Duan

Transfer learning is a de facto standard method for efficiently training machine learning models for data-scarce problems by adding and fine-tuning new classification layers to a model pre-trained on large datasets. Although numerous…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Seewoo Lee , Garam Lee , Jung Woo Kim , Junbum Shin , Mun-Kyu Lee

Machine learning as a service has been widely deployed to utilize deep neural network models to provide prediction services. However, this raises privacy concerns since clients need to send sensitive information to servers. In this paper,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-11-21 Shaohua Li , Kaiping Xue , Chenkai Ding , Xindi Gao , David S L Wei , Tao Wan , Feng Wu

Cyber-security for 5G networks is drawing notable attention due to an increase in complex jamming attacks that could target the critical 5G Radio Frequency (RF) domain. These attacks pose a significant risk to heterogeneous network (HetNet)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Samhita Kuili , Mohammadreza Amini , Burak Kantarci

This paper proposes a non-interactive end-to-end solution for secure fusion and matching of biometric templates using fully homomorphic encryption (FHE). Given a pair of encrypted feature vectors, we perform the following ciphertext…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Luke Sperling , Nalini Ratha , Arun Ross , Vishnu Naresh Boddeti