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Deep learning approaches exhibit promising performances on various text tasks. However, they are still struggling on medical text classification since samples are often extremely imbalanced and scarce. Different from existing mainstream…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Jiahuan Yan , Haojun Gao , Zhang Kai , Weize Liu , Danny Chen , Jian Wu , Jintai Chen

Extreme Multi-label Classification (XMC) methods predict relevant labels for a given query in an extremely large label space. Recent works in XMC address this problem using deep encoders that project text descriptions to an embedding space…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Kunal Dahiya , Diego Ortego , David Jiménez

We study open-world multi-label text classification under extremely weak supervision (XWS), where the user only provides a brief description for classification objectives without any labels or ground-truth label space. Similar single-label…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Xintong Li , Jinya Jiang , Ria Dharmani , Jayanth Srinivasa , Gaowen Liu , Jingbo Shang

Extreme multi-label classification or XMLC, is an active area of interest in machine learning. Compared to traditional multi-label classification, here the number of labels is extremely large, hence, the name extreme multi-label…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Arpan Dasgupta , Preeti Lamba , Ankita Kushwaha , Kiran Ravish , Siddhant Katyan , Shrutimoy Das , Pawan Kumar

In natural language processing, extreme multi-label text classification is an emerging but essential task. The problem of extreme multi-label text classification (XMTC) is to recall some of the most relevant labels for a text from an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Qing Wang , Jia Zhu , Hongji Shu , Kwame Omono Asamoah , Jianyang Shi , Cong Zhou

Multi-label text classification (MLTC) is an attractive and challenging task in natural language processing (NLP). Compared with single-label text classification, MLTC has a wider range of applications in practice. In this paper, we propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Irene Li , Aosong Feng , Hao Wu , Tianxiao Li , Toyotaro Suzumura , Ruihai Dong

The extreme multi-label classification (XMC) task aims at tagging content with a subset of labels from an extremely large label set. The label vocabulary is typically defined in advance by domain experts and assumed to capture all necessary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-13 Daniel Simig , Fabio Petroni , Pouya Yanki , Kashyap Popat , Christina Du , Sebastian Riedel , Majid Yazdani

Multi-label classification has received considerable interest in recent years. Multi-label classifiers have to address many problems including: handling large-scale datasets with many instances and a large set of labels, compensating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-06-21 Amirhossein Akbarnejad , Mahdieh Soleymani Baghshah

We present a novel and scalable label embedding framework for large-scale multi-label learning a.k.a ExMLDS (Extreme Multi-Label Learning using Distributional Semantics). Our approach draws inspiration from ideas rooted in distributional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-13 Rahul Wadbude , Vivek Gupta , Piyush Rai , Nagarajan Natarajan , Harish Karnick , Prateek Jain

In this paper, a high-speed online neural network classifier based on extreme learning machines for multi-label classification is proposed. In multi-label classification, each of the input data sample belongs to one or more than one of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-09-06 Rajasekar Venkatesan , Meng Joo Er , Mihika Dave , Mahardhika Pratama , Shiqian Wu

This study addresses the challenges of multi-label text classification. The difficulties arise from imbalanced data sets, varied text lengths, and numerous subjective feature labels. Existing solutions include traditional machine learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Hongren Wang

Multi-label learning has attracted significant attention from both academic and industry field in recent decades. Although existing multi-label learning algorithms achieved good performance in various tasks, they implicitly assume the size…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Tong Wei , Zhen Mao , Jiang-Xin Shi , Yu-Feng Li , Min-Ling Zhang

Text classification is one of the most important and fundamental tasks in natural language processing. Performance of this task mainly dependents on text representation learning. Currently, most existing learning frameworks mainly focus on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-26 Xien Liu , Song Wang , Xiao Zhang , Xinxin You , Ji Wu , Dejing Dou

In this paper, we propose a multi-label classification framework to detect multiple speaking styles in a speech sample. Unlike previous studies that have primarily focused on identifying a single target style, our framework effectively…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-19 Miseul Kim , Seyun Um , Hyeonjin Cha , Hong-goo Kang

Extreme multi-label classification (XMLC) refers to the task of tagging instances with small subsets of relevant labels coming from an extremely large set of all possible labels. Recently, XMLC has been widely applied to diverse web…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Marek Wydmuch , Kalina Jasinska-Kobus , Rohit Babbar , Krzysztof Dembczyński

In-context learning (ICL) for text classification, which uses a few input-label demonstrations to describe a task, has demonstrated impressive performance on large language models (LLMs). However, the selection of in-context demonstrations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Ye Jiang , Taihang Wang , Youzheng Liu , Yimin Wang , Yuhan Xia , Yunfei Long

Recent years have witnessed increasing interests in prompt-based learning in which models can be trained on only a few annotated instances, making them suitable in low-resource settings. When using prompt-based learning for text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Hongjing Li , Hanqi Yan , Yanran Li , Li Qian , Yulan He , Lin Gui

Multi-label learning is concerned with the classification of data with multiple class labels. This is in contrast to the traditional classification problem where every data instance has a single label. Due to the exponential size of output…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-27 Vikas Kumar , Arun K Pujari , Vineet Padmanabhan , Venkateswara Rao Kagita

Labor market analysis relies on extracting insights from job advertisements, which provide valuable yet unstructured information on job titles and corresponding skill requirements. While state-of-the-art methods for skill extraction achieve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Jens-Joris Decorte , Jeroen Van Hautte , Chris Develder , Thomas Demeester

Extreme Multi-label Text Classification (XMTC) has been a tough challenge in machine learning research and applications due to the sheer sizes of the label spaces and the severe data scarce problem associated with the long tail of rare…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Ruohong Zhang , Yau-Shian Wang , Yiming Yang , Donghan Yu , Tom Vu , Likun Lei