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We study gravitational-wave production from bubble collisions in a cosmic first-order phase transition, focusing on the possibility of model separation by the bubble nucleation rate dependence of the resulting gravitational-wave spectrum.…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2018-03-20 Ryusuke Jinno , Sangjun Lee , Hyeonseok Seong , Masahiro Takimoto

We show that the amount of particle production in an arbitrary cosmological background can be determined using only the late-time positive-frequency modes. We don't refer to modes at early times, so there is no need for a Bogolubov…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-10 Alex J. Hamilton , Daniel Kabat , Maulik K. Parikh

Gravitational waves (GWs) produced during first-order phase transitions (FOPTs) in the early universe provide a powerful probe of nonstandard cosmological histories. We study GW production from a FOPT ending a kination-dominated epoch in…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-17 Richard Casey , Katherine Freese , Evangelos I. Sfakianakis

We perform a Bayesian analysis of NANOGrav 15yr and IPTA DR2 pulsar timing residuals and show that the recently detected stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB) is compatible with a SGWB produced by bubble dynamics during a…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-11-17 Yann Gouttenoire

We consider the stochastic background of gravity waves produced by first-order cosmological phase transitions from two types of sources: colliding bubbles and hydrodynamic turbulence. First we discuss the fluid mechanics of relativistic…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-22 Marc Kamionkowski , Arthur Kosowsky , Michael S. Turner

First order phase transitions in the early Universe generate gravitational waves, which may be observable in future space-based gravitational wave observatiories, e.g. the European eLISA satellite constellation. The gravitational waves…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2015-11-17 Mark Hindmarsh , Stephan Huber , Kari Rummukainen , David Weir

A new mechanism of black hole formation in a first order phase transition is proposed. In vacuum bubble collisions the interaction of bubble walls leads to the formation of nontrivial vacuum configuration. The consequent collapse of this…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2011-04-15 M. Yu. Khlopov , R. V. Konoplich , S. G. Rubin , A. S. Sakharov

Primordial black hole (PBH) formation from first-order phase transitions (FOPTs) combines two prevalent elements of beyond the Standard Model physics with wide-ranging consequences. We elaborate on a recently proposed scenario in which…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-11-30 Kiyoharu Kawana , TaeHun Kim , Philip Lu

Cosmological phase transitions (CPTs), such as the Grand Unified Theory (GUT) and the electroweak (EW) ones, play a significant role in both particle physics and cosmology. In this letter, we propose to probe the first-order CPTs, by…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-01-02 Hongliang Jiang , Tao Liu , Sichun Sun , Yi Wang

Multiparticle production processes provide valuable information about the mechanism of the conversion of the initial energy of projectiles into a number of secondaries by measuring their multiplicity distributions and their distributions in…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2018-04-12 Grzegorz Wilk , Zbigniew Włodarczyk

Fluctuation effects at first order phase transitions driven by changes of other-than-temperature factors like pressure, concentration, or external fields are investigated by perturbation theory. The results for the fluctuation contributions…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-01-10 Dimo I. Uzunov

We review the production of gravitational waves by an electroweak first order phase transition. The resulting signal is a good candidate for detection at next-generation gravitational wave detectors, such as LISA. Detection of such a source…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-07-28 David J. Weir

When strongly supercooled cosmological first-order phase transitions (FOPTs) are sufficiently slow, super-horizon inhomogeneities can be generated. We compute these super-horizon curvature perturbations by employing a gauge-invariant,…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-01-22 Xiao Wang , Csaba Balázs , Ran Ding , Chi Tian

In order to study the validity of analytical formulas used in the calculation of characteristic physical quantities related to vacuum bubbles, we conduct several numerical simulations of bubble kinematics in the context of cosmological…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-09-04 Huai-Ke Guo , Song Li , Yang Xiao , Jin Min Yang , Yang Zhang

We study primordial gravitational waves (GWs) generated from first-order phase transitions (PTs) during cosmic reheating. Using a minimal particle physics model, and a general parametrization of the inflaton energy density and the evolution…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-04 Amitayus Banik , Nicolás Bernal , Fazlollah Hajkarim

We present details of numerical simulations of the gravitational radiation produced by a first order thermal phase transition in the early universe. We confirm that the dominant source of gravitational waves is sound waves generated by the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-01-08 Mark Hindmarsh , Stephan J. Huber , Kari Rummukainen , David J. Weir

We discuss the possibility of forming primordial black holes during a first-order phase transition in the early Universe. As is well known, such a phase transition proceeds through the formation of true-vacuum bubbles in a Universe that is…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-08-20 Michael J. Baker , Moritz Breitbach , Joachim Kopp , Lukas Mittnacht

First-order phase transitions produce gravitational waves and primordial black holes. They always occur in field theories where symmetries are radiatively broken and masses are correspondingly generated. These theories predict a period of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-05-19 Alberto Salvio

We revisit gravitational particle production from the Stokes phenomenon viewpoint, which helps us make a systematic way to understand asymptotic behavior of mode functions in time-dependent background. One of our purposes of this work is to…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-05-13 Soichiro Hashiba , Yusuke Yamada

Strongly supercooled first order phase transitions (FOPTs) can produce primordial black hole (PBH) dark matter (DM) along with observable gravitational waves (GWs) from bubble collisions. Such FOPTs may also produce coherent magnetic fields…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-03-24 Shyam Balaji , Malcolm Fairbairn , Maria Olalla Olea-Romacho